682 DIPSACEZ. I. Morina. II. Dipsacus. 
figure. M. orientalis, Mill. M. verticillata, Moench. suppl. 
Flowers white and reddish on the same plant. Stamens joined 
from the base to the anthers by twos. 
Persian Morina. FI. July, Aug. Clit. 1740. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. 
2 M. tonerroria (Wall. cat. no. 426. D.C. prod. 4. p. 644.) 
leaves sinuately pinnatifid, and somewhat spiny-ciliated ; floral 
leaves rather villous ; lobes of calyx emarginate. %4. F. Na- 
tive of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Stem terete, not furrowed. 
Leaves of the consistence and form of those of Cirsium olerà- 
ceum, almost a foot long, and hardly an inch broad. Spikes of 
flowers interrupted at the base, Floral leaves ovate-Janceolate. 
Lobes of calyx as in M. Pérsica, but more emarginate. Corolla 
and genitals unknown, 
Long-leaved Morina. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 
3 M. roLYPHY LLA (Wall. cat. no. 425. D. C. prod. 4. p. 
644.) leaves pinnatifid: lobes spinosely toothed; floral leaves 
rather villous, elongated, stiffly spinose ; lobes of calyx deeply 
divided. %. F. Native of Nipaul, at Gosaingsthan. Inter- 
mediate between M. Pérsica and M. longifolia, but is distin- 
guished from them in the leaves being more elongated and acu- 
minated, and in the lobes of the calyx being bifid beyond the 
middle. Corolla and genitals unknown. 
Many-leaved Morina. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 
Secr. II. Acantuoca'tyx (from akay@oc, acanthos, a spine, 
and cadvé, kalyx, a calyx; in reference to the limb of the calyx 
being spiny-toothed). D. C. prod. 4. p. 645. Leaves quite 
entire, except the floral ones, which are a little spiny-toothed. 
Limb of calyx oblique, irregularly spiny-toothed. Stamens 4, 
distinct, didynamous. 
4 M. wa'na (Wall. cat. no. 424. D. C. prod. 4. p. 645.) cau- 
line leaves quite entire: floral ones bearing spines at the base ; 
involucel 1-leaved, ciliated by spines; limb of calyx oblique, 
irregularly spiny-toothed. %. F. Native of Nipaul, at Go- 
saingsthan. M. Nipaulénsis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. prod. 161. 
Stem villous at top, as well as the young leaves. Flowers red. 
Corollas villous outside, 3 times longer than the calyx. 
Dwarf Morina. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
Cult. The species of Morina thrive best in a light rich soil ; 
and may be increased by dividing at the root, or by seed. 
Tribe Il. 
SCABIO'SE4 (this tribe contains plants agreeing with Sca- 
bidsa in having capitate flowers). D. C. prod. 4. p. 645.— 
Dipsacee, Wallr. sched. crit. p. 41. Corolla 4-5-cleft (f. 117. f. 
f. 118. f.), not ringent. Stamens 4-5, free (f. 118. f.), nearly 
equal. Flowers crowded in heads upon receptacles, each head 
girded by a general involucrum (f. 117. a.), with usually distinct 
paleze on the lower side, and each flower girded by a calyciform 
involucel (f.117. e. f. 118. d.). 
II. DIPSACUS (said to be from dulaw, dipsao, to thirst ; pro- 
bably in consequence of the connate leaves holding water: dula- 
xo, dipsakos, is also the Greek name for the disease called dia- 
betes, which is always accompanied by great thirst). Tourn. 
inst. t. 265. Lin. gen. 114. Geertn. fruct. 2. t. 86. Coult. dips. 
p- 21. f. 2-4. Wallr. sched. crit. p. 49. 
Lin. syst. Tetrándria, Monogýnia. Involucrum of the head 
of flowers of many leaves, longer than the paleze. Paleæ on the 
receptacle acuminated, rather foliaceous. Involucel tetrandrous, 
$-furrowed. Limb of calyx somewhat cyathiform or discoid. 
Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. Stigma longitudinal. Fruit crowned 
by the subtetragonal limb of the calyx, and inclosed within the 
involuce].—Erect, pilose, or prickly biennial herbs. Leaves 
opposite, usually connate at the base, toothed or jagged. Heads 
of flowers terminal, oblong-ovate or roundish. Corolla lilac- 
coloured, yellow, or white. 
1 D. sytve’stris (Mill. dict. no. 2.) stem prickly; leaves 
connate at the base, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, toothed ; 
leaves of involucrum inflexed, weak, longer than the heads of 
flowers; palez of heads straight, linear-lanceolate, setaceous, 
bent; involucel not drawn out beyond the furrows. ¢. H. 
Native of Europe and Siberia, frequent; plentiful in some parts 
of Britain, about hedges and by road sides. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 
402. Oed. fl. dan. t. 965. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1032. Curt. lond, 
3.t. 9. D. sylvéstris a, Coult. dips. p. 22. D. vulgaris, Gmel. 
fi. bad. 1. p. 312. D. fullénum, Thor. chlor. land. p. 36. Poll. 
pal. no. 187. D. purptreus, Fuschs. hist. 225. Flowers bluish- 
purple, first breaking forth about the middle of the head. Heads 
of flowers ovate-oblong. The water contained in the basin 
formed by the leaves is said to cure warts on the hands, and to 
serve as a beauty-wash for the face; hence Ray conjectures it 
had its name, Labrum Veneris. 
Var. B, pallidus (Bess. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 8. p. 41.) 
leaves of involucrum shorter, hardly ascending. ¢. H. Na- 
tive of Galicia, &c. 
Wild Teazle. Fl. July. Britain. Pl. 6 feet. 
2 D. tactnta‘rus (Lin. spec. p. 141.) stem prickly ; leaves 
connate at the base, sinuately jagged, and the lobes sinuately 
toothed ; leaves of involucrum erectish, stiffish, usually shorter 
than the head, which is ovate; palee straight, linear-subulate; 
involucel not drawn out beyond the furrows. &. H. Native 
of Europe and Siberia, in hedges and ditches, as of Germany, 
France, Alsace, Austria, Caucasus, &c. Jacq. fl. austr. 5. t. 
403. D. sylvéstris, var. y, Coult. dips. p. 22. Leaves downy 
beneath. Corollas whitish ; anthers reddish. : 
Var. B, comdsus (D. C. prod. 4. p. 645.) leaves of involucra 
very narrow, longer than the heads. &. H. Native of the 
south of Europe. D. comdsus, Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 2. p. 
81. D. laciniatus, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 147. D. sylvéstris ô, 
Coult. I. c. 
Jagged-leaved Teazle. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1683. Pl. 3 to 5 ft. 
3 D. pivarica‘rus (Presl. fl. sic. p. 57. del. prag. 117.) stem 
prickly; radical leaves oblong, rather lyrate, ciliated : cauline 
ones interruptedly pinnatifid: lobes divaricate, pinnatifid at the 
base; leaves of involucrum shorter than the head, which 1s 
ovate, ; paleze spinescent, arched ; involucels unknown. ô. 
H. Native of Sicily, on the edges of fields. Guss. prod. 1. p- 
157. D. laciniatus, Ucria, hort. pan. p. 66.? 
Divaricate Teazle. Pl. 3 to 5 feet. : 
4 D. rurzdnum (Mill. dict. no. 1.) stem prickly; leaves 
connate at the base, oblong-lanceolate, serrated: upper yes 
entire ; leaves of involucra spreadingly reflexed, shorter thant ; 
heads, which are cylindrical; palez stiff, recurved 3 oe 
not drawn out beyond the furrows. ¢@. H. Native of i 
south of Europe, where it is said to grow spontaneously in fie 6 
It is said to be a native of England; but scarcely wild. pa 
off. t.50. Sowerb. engl. bot. 2080. Hayn. term. bot. t. 41. i 
Coult. dips. p. 22. D. sativus, Gmel. fl. bad. 1. p. 314. ene 
ldnum £, Lin. spec. p. 140. D. sylvéstris e, Coult. in litt. 1 F 
—Lob. icon. 2. p. 17. with a figure. Flowers whitish, with pa 
purple anthers. This and the three preceding have been com 
bined by Coulter. ; h 
Fullers’ Thistle or Teazle is called Chardon a foullon in Fron 
Kardendistel in German, and Cardencha in Spanish; De 
in Italian : is a biennial plant from 4 to 6 feet high, prickly a 
rough in the stem and leaves, and terminated by rough be of 
heads of flowers. It is cultivated in Essex and the Wes : 
England, for raising the nap upon woollen cloths, by prone 
the crooked palez upon the heads. For this purpose aes age 
fixed round the circumference of a cylinder, which 1s ma a 
turn round, and the cloth is held against them. There are a 
varieties of the cultivated Teazle, but the wild species 1s 
1 
