DIPSACE#. 
8 P. pere’nnis (Vaill. act. 
acad. par. 1722. p. 184.) stems 
procumbent, suffruticose ; leaves 
lyrate, cut, tomentose; involucels 
downy ; corollas 5-cleft; stigmas 
longitudinal; pappus_ plumose. 
%.H. Native of Mount Parnas- 
sus, on rocks, Scabidsa ptero- 
céphala, Lin. spec. p.146. Sibth. 
et Smith, A. græc. t. 113. Ptero- 
céphalus Parnássii, Spreng. syst. 
l. p. 384. Flowers pale purple. 
Perhaps belonging to a different 
section. 
Perennial Pterocephalus. PI. 
procumbent. 
FIG. 118. 
§ 3. Perennial or frutescent species, with entire leaves. 
9 P. xrveus (Coult. dips. p. 32.) lower leaves orbicular : 
cauline ones obovate-spatulate, all quite entire, and are as well 
as the stems clothed with white tomentum; bristles of calyx 10- 
12, plumose, 3 times longer than the seed. Y.H. Native of 
Spain, on the top of Sierra Toxada. Scabidsa nivea, Agardh, in 
Reem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 81. A very small plant.—Ac- 
cording to Sprengel, it is the same as the following. 
Snowy Pterocephalus. PI. 1 to 2 inches. 
10 P. sparuta‘rus (Coult. dips. p. 32.) leaves quite entire, 
roundish-spatulate, tomentose ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; pappus 
coloured, of 14 rays. 2%. H. Native of Spain, in Granada, 
and near Ellin in Murcia. Knaútia spatulata, Lag. gen. et spec. 
P- 9. Reem. et Schultes, syst. 8. p. 88. Stems tomentose. In- 
Volucra 8-12-leaved. Heads containing about 16 flowers. 
Spatulate-leaved Pterocephalus. Pl. Ł to 4 foot. 
11 P. ca‘nus (Coult. in litt. 1824. ex D. C. prod. 4. p. 653.) 
leaves quite entire, obovate-oblong, hoary; peduncles scape- 
formed, bearing each one head of flowers; corollas 5-cleft ; 
involucel lageneeform, downy, without furrows; rays of calyx 
20-25, plumose, linear, twice longer than the involucel; stigma 
emarginate. 2%. H. Native of the Levant, between Amadan 
and Kermancha, where it was collected by Olivier and Bru- 
lal Scabidsa dumetorum var. from the Levant, Coult. dips. 
p. 32, 
Hoary Pterocephalus. P1. 4 foot. 
12 P. LASIOSPE'RMUS (Link, in Buch. can. p. 150.) stem suf- 
fruticose, with many branches; leaves on very short petioles, 
oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, crowded, white from short dense 
tomentum ; involucels densely plumose. h. G. Native of the 
Grand Canary island, near Trente, and among rocks on the top 
of Pico Tedi. Pter. dumetdrum var. pusilla, Coult. dips. p. 
32. Scabidsa fruticosa, Smith, mss. 
Woolly-seeded Pterocephalus. Shrub small. 
13 P. pumero'rum (Coult. dips. p. $2. var. a,) stem suffruti- 
cose, erect, bearing many heads of flowers; leaves petiolate, 
quite entire, oval, acuminated, attenuated at the base, smoothish 
on both surfaces ; peduncles and involucels downy ; rays of 
calyx 20-24, plumose, linear, hardly twice the length of the in- 
Volucel. .G. Native of Teneriffe. Scabidsa dumetorum, 
Brouss. in Willd. enum. 1. p. 146. Trichéra dumetorum, Roem. 
et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 56. Leaves crowded at the tops of the 
ranches. 
Thicket Pterocephalus. Shrub small. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Cephalaria, p. 686. 
VI. SCABIO'SA (from scabies, the itch; which disorder the 
common sort is said to cure). Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p: 2. 
Coult. dips. p. 33. D. C. prod. 4. p. 654.—Asterocéphalus, 
VOL. Ir. 
V. Preroceraatus. 
VI. Scastosa. 689 
Vaill. act. acad. par. 1722. Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. Wallr. 
sched. crit. p. 46. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 379. exclusive of some 
species.—-Scabidsa spec. Lin. &c.—Sclerostémma, Schott. 
Lin. syst. Tetréndria, Monogynia. Involucra of heads 
many-leaved. Receptacle chaffy. Involucels with 8 foveole, 
usually somewhat cylindrical. Limb of calyx tapering into a 
neck at the base, and ending in 5 awned bristles, rarely only 1-4 
from abortion. Corollas 4-5 cleft. Stamens 4.—Perennial or 
suffruticose herbs. Leaves variable. Heads of flowers depres- 
sed. Outer flowers of heads usually radiant. 
Sect. I. Astrroce’pHatus (from agrnp, aster, a star, and 
kepadn, kephale, a head; in reference to the star-like crown on 
the top of the seeds). Coult. dips. p. 338. D.C. prod. 4. p. 654. 
Base of the involucels terete, not plicate, furnished with 5-8 
foveole. Crown of seed large, membranous, spreading or erect, 
Calyx sessile or stipitate, ending in 5 exserted bristles. Corollas 
5-cleft. 
1 S. Cauca’sica (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 98.) herbaceous ; radical 
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, glaucous ; involucrum 
very villous; corollas 5-cleft, radiant’; base of involucels elon- 
gated, longer than the ovate foveolæ; crown of seeds short, 
25-nerved ; limb of calyx sessile, with exserted bristles. 4%. H. 
Native of Caucasus and Armenia, in arid places. Coult. dips. 
p. 33. t. 2. f. 1. Asterocéphalus Caucasicus, Spreng, syst. 1. p. 
381. Leaves like those of a species of Scorzonera. Heads of 
flowers large, radiant, pale blue. This is an elegant plant while 
in flower. 
Var. a, heterophylla (D. C. prod. 4. p. 654.) leaves green ; 
cauline ones pinnatifid. 2%. H. Scabidsa Caucasica, Roem. et 
Schultes, syst. 3. p. 84. Willd. enum. p. 148. Sims, bot. 
mag. 886. 
Var. P, élegans (D. C. prod. 4. p. 654.) leaves whitish; cau- 
line ones undivided, quite entire or nearly so. Y. H. Scabidsa 
élegans, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 24. Sclerostemma connatum, Schott. 
Asterocéphalus élegans, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 8. Scabidsa 
connata, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 128. Scabiosa Caucasea, Sims, 
bot. mag. t. 886. 
Caucasian Scabious. FI. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. Pl. 1 foot. 
2 S. Cre’tica (Lin. spec. p. 145.) stem shrubby ; leaves lan- 
ceolate, quite entire, and are as well as the involucra clothed 
with hoary down; corollas 5-cleft, radiant; base of involu- 
cels elongated, equal in length to the foveolæ, which are linear ; 
crown of seed spreading, obliquely truncate, 20-28-nerved, 
hardly twice longer than the base; limb of calyx sessile, 
with 4-6 inclosed bristles. X4. H. Native of Sicily and 
Candia, among calcareous rocks. Coult. dips. p. 33. t. 2. f. 2. 
Guss. prod. 1. p. 165. Asterocéphalus Créticus, Spreng. Sca- 
bidsa arborea, P. Alp. exot. t. 34.—Morr. oxon. sect. 6, t. 15. 
f. 31. Stem white from down. Flowers pale blue, rarely 
white. There is a variety of this having the involucrum longer 
than the flowers. 
Cretan Scabious. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. Shrub 1 foot. 
3 S. Canportia‘na (Wall. cat. no. 430.) stem suffruticose at 
the base, branched ; leaves linear, quite entire, nearly glabrous ; 
corollas §-cleft, radiant; involucels clothed with short villi at 
the base, the foveole hidden by the villi; crown of seed 20- 
nerved ? toothed a little ; bristles of calyx 5, black, rather sca- 
brous, 3 times longer than the crown. h. G. Native of Nipaul, 
at Kamaon. Stems sparingly leafy, tufted at the apex; pedun- 
cles elongated, naked. Heads small, purplish, Perhaps refer- 
rible to sect. iii. Succisa. 
De Candolle’s Scabious. Shrub 1 foot. 
4 S. GRAMINIFO'LIA (Lin. spec, 145.) stems herbaceous, suf- 
fruticose at the base; leaves linear, lanceolate, quite entire, of a 
silvery white colour; corollas 5-cleft, radiant ; base of involu- 
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