DIPSACEX. 
and toothed: cauline ones almost sessile, quite entire; corollas 
equal; tube of involucel nearly cylindrical; crown 20-24- 
nerved, one-half shorter than the tube; bristles of calyx spread- 
ing, very short, inclosed. ©. H. Native of Mauritania, Si- 
cily, &c. Coult. dips. 9. t. 2. f. 15. Guss. prod. 1. p. 163. 
Asterocéphalus dichétomus, Lag. gen. et spec. 8&. S. parviflora, 
Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 119. Lower leaves sometimes lyrate or jagged. 
Corollas 5-cleft, and flesh-coloured ; but by some authors they 
are said to be 4-cleft. 
Dichotomous-stemmed Scabious. 
Pl. 1 to 14 foot. 
60 S. urcEoLa`ra (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 122.) glabrous ; leaves 
rather fleshy: radical ones oblong, bluntly and sinuately pin- 
natifid : cauline ones pinnate-parted, with linear lobes ; leaves of 
involucrum 5-7, combined at the base ; heads on long peduncles ; 
corollas nearly equal. 4%. H. Native of Corsica, Sicily, Etru- 
na, Portugal, Mauritania at Tangiers, Tunis, and Mogodor, in 
sand by the sea side. Coult. dips. p. 39. t. 2. f. 16. S. rute- 
folia, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 26. S. divaricdta, Lam. ill. no. 1311. S. 
maritima rutæfòlia, Boce. sic. t. 40. f. 3. _Asterocéphalus urceo- 
latus, Spreng. Pycnócomon rutefolium, Hoffm. et Link. fl. port. 
le. Corollas pale yellow. 
Urceolate-involucred Scabious. 
Pl. 1 to 3 feet. 
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. 
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1804. 
** Corollas 4-cleft. 
61 S; Succisa (Lin. spec. 142.) root præmorse, or appearing 
as if it was bitten off at the end; radical leaves ovate-lanceolate, 
acuminated at both ends :' cauline leaves connate, almost entire ; 
heads of flowers pedunculate ; leaves of involucrum disposed in 
2-3 series; corollas equal; tube of involucel 4-sided ; crown 
very short, undulated ; bristles of calyx short, a little exserted, 
connivent. X4. H. Native of Europe even to Caucasus, very 
common in bogs and moist meadows and pastures; plentiful in 
Britain. Fl. dan. t. 279. Smith, engl. bot. t. 878. Curt. lond. 
3.t.10. Coult. dips. p. 39. t. 2. f. 17. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 226. 
Blackw. t. 142, Asterocéphalus Succisa, Wallr. sched. 1. p. 52. 
Succisa praténsis, Moench. meth. p. 489. The lower stem leaves 
are toothed, but the upper ones are entire. Involucrum hairy. 
Flowers violet or dark purplish blue, varying to flesh-coloured 
and milk-white. The leaves are sometimes gashed according to 
Haller, and the heads of flowers are sometimes proliferous, In cul- 
“vation the plant becomes more branched than in the wild state. 
In days of superstition it was fabled that the Devil, envying the 
good this herb might do to mankind, bit away a part of the root; 
hence the plant is commonly called Devil’s-bit. This appear- 
ance of a stumped root is not peculiar to S. succisa, but is ob- 
Served in some species of Plantago, and many other herbs. 
According to Bergen the root is astringent, and the infusion of 
lt bitterish, but not unpleasant. A strong decoction of it, kept 
a good while, was formerly an empirical secret for gonorrheeas. 
Linneus says that the dried leaves are used to dye wool yellow 
or green. 
_ Var. a, hirsita (Wallr. sched. 1. c.) stem, peduncles, and both 
sides of leaves hairy. %. H. This is the British variety. Suc- 
cisa hirsùta, C. Bauh. pin. p- 269. 
Var. 3, glabrata (Wallr. sched. 1. c.) stem and both sides of 
eaves glabrous. Y%. H. Succisa glabra, C. Bauh. pin. 269. 
S. glabrata, Schott. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 61. 
Common Devil’s-bit. Fl. Aug. Oct. Britain. Pl. 1 foot. 
62 S. Austra Lis (Wulf. in Roem. arch. 3. p. 216.) plant 
Smoothish ; leaves ovate, elongated, acuminated, almost quite 
entire: lowermost ones somewhat auriculated at the petioles; 
heads ovate; leaves of involucrum disposed in two series ; Co- 
rollas equal; tube of involucel lagenæform ;, crown obsolete ; 
bristles of calyx abortive. 4. H. Native of Upper Italy, 
VI. Scastosa. 695 
Syria, and Pannonia, in marshy parts of woods, and by the sides 
of rivulets. Coult. dips. p. 40. t. 2. f.18. Rchb. pl. crit. 4. t. 
825. S. répens, Brign. for Jul. 19. Nocc. et Balb. fl. ticin. 68. 
t. 2. S. pseudaustralis, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 60. Roots 
creeping, tufted. Corollas of a bluish violet or purple colour, 
but Wulfen says they are yellow; there are, therefore, 2 plants 
probably confused under this name, or only mere variations in 
the colour of the flowers, 
Southern Devil’s-bit. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1. ft. 
63 S. renuiron1a (Linnea. vol. 8.) bristles of pappus twice 
longer than the denticulated calyx; corollas downy, equal, 
shorter than the involucrum; heads ovate; stem erect, 
branched ; cauline leaves pinnate, with linear, acute, quite en- 
tire, elongated segments. %. H. Native country unknown. 
Said to be nearly allied to S. Australis. 
Fine-leaved Devil’s-bit. Pl. 1 foot. 
+ Species not sufficiently known. 
§ 1. Leaves entire or serrated. 
64 S.? amprexicav'iis (Lin, mant. p. 195.) stem herbaceous, 
brachiate; leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, quite entire: radi- 
cal ones trifid; corollas radiant, 4-cleft.—Native country 
unknown. Succisa amplexicatilis, Spreng. Said to be nearly 
allied to S. integrifolia, Lin. Corollas bluish. According to 
Coulter, it is probably a species of Knatitia. 
Var. B, lyrata (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 62.) lower 
leaves lyrate, obtuse, crenated; superior ones lanceolate, ses- 
sile. 2%. H. Native of France. S. lyrata, Lam, ill. no. 1310. 
Flowers pale red. 
Stem-clasping-leaved Scabious. PI. 1 foot. 
65 S.? Cocuincuine’nsis (Lour. coch. p. 68.) stem quite 
simple, nearly naked; leaves lanceolate, undivided, undulated : 
radical leaves quite entire; involucrum 3-leaved; corollas 5- 
cleft; pappus pilose.—Native of China and Cochin-china. Aste- 
rocéphalus Cochinchinénsis, Spreng. Flowers purple. Corollas 
5-cleft, nearly equal. Bristles of calyx 5. 
Cochin-china Scabious. PI. 1 foot. 
§ 2. Leaves lyrate or pinnate-lobed. 
* Corollas 4-cleft. 
66 S.? Dauv‘rica (Willd. in Roem. et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 
521.) leaves pinnate-parted, tomentose; lobes pinnatifidly jag- 
ged; stem tomentose; corollas 4-cleft, radiant.— Native of 
Dahuria. Coult. dips. p. 41. There is another plant under this 
name by Fischer, cultivated in the gardens. 
Dahurian Scabious. Pl. 1 foot. 
67 S. sírra (Willd. in Roem, et Schultes, syst. 3. p. 251.) 
leaves all pinnate, and are as well as the stem hairy; lobes or 
segments linear-lanceolate, acute ; corollas 4-cleft, radiant. — 
Native of Siberia. Coult. dips. p. 41. The rest unknown, 
Hairy Scabious, P!l. 1 to 2 feet. 
** Corollas 5-cleft. 
68 S. Sryriaca (Vest, in flora. 1821. p. 146.) plant clothed 
with fine hairs; stem much branched, many-flowered ; leaves all 
pinnate-parted ; lobes lanceolate, few, each furnished with a tooth ; 
leaves of involucrum linear, spreading ; corollas 5-cleft, radiant, 
outer lobes acute ; crown quite entire; bristles of calyx wanting. 
—Native of Styria. 3 
Styrian Scabious. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 
Cult. Many of the species of this genus are very ornamental, 
and are well fitted for decorating flower-borders. The peren- 
nial herbaceous kinds are easily increased by seed, or dividing 
at the root. The seeds of annual kinds only require to be sown 
