696 
in the open ground. The shrubby species are increased by cut- 
tings under a hand-glass, or by seed. The species most worthy 
of cultivation are S. Caucdsica, S. gramnifolia, S. atropurpurea, 
S. grandiflora, and many others. 
Orver CXXXII. CALYCE'RE& (this order contains plants 
agreeing with Calycéra in important characters). R. Br. in 
Lin. trans. 12. p. 132. (1816). Rich. in mem. mus. 6. p. 76. 
(1820). Lindl. introd. bot. p. 201.—Bhoodpidez, Cassini in 
dict. des. sc. 5. p. 26. suppl. 1817. 
Calyx of 5 unequal segments. Corolla regular, funnel- 
shaped, with a long slender tube, and 5-3-nerved segments ; 
glandular spaces or areolæ below the stamens, and alternate 
with them. Stamens 5, monadelphous; anthers combined by 
their lower half. Ovarium inferior, 1-celled. Style smooth, 
clavate in the upper part; stigma capitate, undivided. Fruit or 
acheniz indehiscent, crowned by the rigid spiny segments of the 
calyx. Seed solitary, inverted, sessile. Embryo in the axis of 
fleshy albumen, slender.—Herbaceous plants, with alternate 
leaves without stipulas. Flowers collected into heads, which are 
either terminal or opposite the leaves, surrounded by an invo- 
lucrum, and bearing bracteas among the flowers. 
sile, hermaphrodite or neuter. 
CALYCERE. 
Flowers ses- 
This is a very small tribe of 
plants, differing from Compéstte in their albuminous pendulous 
ovulum, and half distinct anthers; and from Dipsace@ in their 
filaments being monadelphous, and their combined anthers. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Crown of fruit in some long horned, and in 
others short and scaly. 
1 CALYCE`RA. 
2 Boopis. Limb of corolla not contracted, campanulate, 
Fruit crowned by the segments of the calyx, which are stiff and 
membranous, but acute and spinescent at the apex. 
3 Acica’rpna. Lower flowers of the heads fertile: superior 
ones numerous and sterile. Tube of anthers undivided. Fruit 
combined into a globose echinated head. 
I. CALYCE’RA (from xcadvé, a calyx, and kepac, keras, a 
horn; the crown of the fruit is a long horn). Cav. icon. 4. p. 
34. t. 358. Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 350. Pers. ench. 2. p. 500. 
Cassini, dict. 5. suppl. p. 28. 
Lin. syst. Syngenésia, Necessdria. Tnvolucrum 5-parted. 
Flowers fertile, dissimilar, and promiscuous. Segments of the 
calyx in some long and horn-formed, and in others short and 
scale-formed. Limb of calyx contracted a little below the lobes. 
Tube of stamens inserted a little below the contraction of, the 
corolla, divided at the top.—Herbaceous plants with sub-pinna- 
tifid leaves and terminal heads of flowers. 
1 C. Cavanitre'str (Richard, in ann. mus. 6. p. 77.) gla- 
brous; leaves semi-pinnatifid; fructiferous heads almost 2 
inches long, globose ; bracteoles narrow and subulate at the 
apex. Y.F. Native of Chili. C. herbacea, Cav. icon. 4. p. 
34. t. 358. Pers. ench. 2. p. 500. Flowers green. 
Cavanilles’s Calycera. PI. 1 foot. 
2 C. patsamit@roria (Rich, ann. mus. 6. p. 86. t. 10.) stem 
pilose ; leaves deeply toothed or subpinnatifid, downy on the 
margins ; bracteoles linear, subulate at the apex. h.F. Na- 
tive of Chili, where it was collected by Dombey. Bodpis 
balsamiteefdlia, Juss. ann. mus. 2. p- 350. Pers. 2. p. 500. 
Scabidsa sympaganthéra, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 49. t. 76, 
f.a. Flowers green? Root woody. 
I. CALYCERA. 
Il. Boorts. III. Actcarrna. 
Cosmary-leaved Calycera. Shrub 2 feet. i 
Cult. The species of Calycèra should be grown in pots, in 
a mixture of loam, sand, and peat ; and they will be readily in- 
creased by seed. 
II. BOO'PIS (from Bove, bous, an ox, and wy, ops, an appear- 
ance; the flowers have some resemblance to the eye of an ox). 
Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 350. t. 58. f. 2. Pers. syn. 2. p. 500. C. 
Cassini, dict. 5. suppl. p. 28. Richard, mem. mus. 6. p. 87. 
Lin. syst. Syngenesia, Necessaria. Involucrum 7-8-cleft. 
Flowers fertile, nearly alike. Segments of calyx shorter than 
the ovaria, membranous, some entire, and some deeply toothed. 
Limb of corolla without any contraction, campanulate, half 
divided. Column of stamens inserted at the base of the limb of 
the corolla; tops of filaments distinct-—Many stemmed branched 
herbs, with pectinately pinnatifid leaves, and terminal heads of 
flowers. cone 
1 B. antuemoipes (Juss. 1. c.) leaves pectinately pinnatifid ; 
segments of leaves linear. ©. H. Native of Buenos Ayres, 
where it was first detected by Commerson. Pers. ench. 2. p. 
500. Rich. 1. c p. 87. pl. ii. 
Anthemis-like Boopis. Pl. 4 to 3 foot. 
2 B. aetna (Poepp. mss. coll. 2. no. 823. ex Cham, et 
Schlecht. in Linnæa. 6. p. 258.) leaves oblong-obovate, fleshy, 
entire, or furnished with a tooth on one or on both sides, quite 
glabrous. 2.G. Native of Chili. Root woody. Stem erect, 
simple, only leafy at the base. Corolla yellowish. Involucrum 
12-toothed. 
Alpine Boopis. Pl. 2 to 3 inches. : 
3 B. xevca’nrHema (Poepp. mss. l. c.) leaves petiolate, 
fleshy, glabrous, profoundly pinnatifid, with linear acute seg- 
ments. ©. H. Native of Chili. Involucrum many parted. 
Root slender, branched. Corolla white. 
Leucanthema-leaved Boopis. Pl. 1 to 2 inches. 
Cult. The seeds only require to be sown in a warm sheltered 
situation in the open ground. 
III. ACICA’RPHA (from axe, akis, a point, and capgoe, 
carphos, chaff; in reference to the segments of the calyx being 
spiny). Juss. ann. mus. 2. p. 347. t. 58. f. 1. Pers. ench. 2 
p. 488. Cassini, dict. 1. supp. 32. Rich. ann, mus. 6. p. T7. 
pl. 11-12.—Cryptocárpha, Cassini, dict. 12. p. 85. 
Lin. syst. Syngenésia, Necessària. Involucrum 4-5-parted : 
outer ones adnate to the ovaria. Lower flowers of heads fertile, 
superior ones much more numerous and sterile, with the a 
of all combined. Segments of the calyx for the most part end- 
ing in acicular spines. Limb of corolla funnel-shaped. ce 
of stamens inserted beneath the attenuated part of the limb 0 
the corolla, undivided to the top of the anthers. Bases of con- 
nectives knot-formed.— Herbaceous plants, with toothed or en- 
tire leaves, and terminal and lateral heads of flowers. 
1 A. rriputoipEs (Juss. l. c.) plant erect, glabrous; leaves 
oblong, cuneate-oboval, dbtuse, with broad teeth; style muc? 
exserted. ©. H. Native of Buenos Ayres, where it was Ia 
lected by Commerson. Cryptocárpha tribuloides, Cassini, it 
12. p. 85. 
Caltrop-like Acicarpha. PI. 4 to foot. : 
2 A. spatura‘ta (R. Br. comp. p. 29. Richard. mem. mus. 
6. p. 78. pl. 12.) procumbent, glabrous ; leaves spatulate, taper- 
ing a long way at the base, denticulated and entire at the apoy 
and mucronate ; style a littleexserted. ©. H. Native of Bra 
zil, where it was collected by Sello. Cryptocárpha spatulàta, 
Cassini, dict. 12. p. 85. 
Spatulate-leaved Acicarpha. Clt. 1824. Pl. proc- isi 
3 A.? raNa`ra (Lag. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 488.) stem wool yi 
leaves linear, glabrous, having a tooth on one side, and some 
