4 
732 
Calyx regular, of from 3 to 8 lobes, but usually of 5 lobes, 
very rarely destitute of the limb. Corolla monopetalous, re- 
gular, permanent, usually 5-lobed, rarely 3 to 8-lobed; lobes 
alternating with the calycine segments, each having a conspicuous 
central nerve, valvate in zstivation. Stamens like the corolla, 
inserted in the margin of the disc of the ovarium, and combined 
with it, distinct from the corolla, but equal in number to its 
segments, and alternating with them; filaments usually ex- 
panded at the base and membranous, and bending towards the 
base of the style above the disc; anthers fixed by the base, 
free, rarely more or less combined into a tube, 2-celled; cells 
dehiscing lengthwise when the flower is in bud; pollen copious, 
adhering, yellow or violaceous, and clothed with very short pa- 
pillæ. Style one, more or less hairy ; stigma naked (not covered 
by an indusium, as in the order Scevolee,), rarely capitate, but 
usually divided into from 2 to 8 lobes, or as many lobes as 
there are cells in the ovarium; lobes erect while the flower is 
in estivation, pilose on the back, and hardly distinct, but they 
diverge and become recurved and glabrous on the expansion of 
the flower. Ovarium combined with the tube of the calyx, some- 
times half superior, many-celled ; cells from 2 to 8 in number, 
but usually 2, 3 or 5, (never 4, unless a monstrosity) opposite the 
calycine lobes, and sometimes alternating with them. Capsule 
many-seeded, dehiscing at the sides or apex, having the valves 
usually septiferous in the middle. Seeds numerous, small, in- 
serted in the placentas on the inner side of the cells. Albumen 
fleshy. Embryo slender, straight, with opposite, ovate or roundish 
small foliaceous cotyledons.— Usually milky herbs, rarely shrubs. 
Leaves exstipulate, alternate, but sometimes opposite, rarely 
entire, usually toothed or crenated, never fleshy; the radical 
ones often different from the cauline ones. Flowers rarely in- 
volucrated, number and situation variable, terminal and axillary, 
racemose, panicled or spicate, and glomerate, usually drooping ; 
pedicels always reflexed in those species in which the capsules 
burst .at the base, but on the contrary they are erect in those 
species whose capsules burst at the apex.—Corollas usually blue 
or white, rarely yellow or purple. 
Campanulacee differ from Composite in not having the 
flowers in heads, in their usually distinct anthers; in their 
polyspermous fruit, It differs from Lobeliiceze in the regular 
flowers, and in the usually distinct anthers, and from Goodend- 
viæ in the flowers being regular, and in the want of an indusium 
to the stigma. All the plants are pretty, and some highly orna- 
mental. The roots of Camp. Rapunculus are used as a vege- 
table under the name of Rampion..- 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Tre I. 
Jasiòxeæ. Capsule dehiscing at the apex. The plants con- 
tained in this tribe are most frequent in the southern hemisphere. 
§ 1. Corolla 5-parted. 
* Anthers combined. 
1 Jasiòne. Capsule 2-celled, inferior: valves dehiscing but 
a very little way at top.—Herbs with capitate flowers. 
CAMPANULACEZ. 
> Anthers distinct. 
2 Licurrodri1a. Stigmas filiform. Capsule 3-5-celled, half 
superior ; when 5-celled the cells are opposite the stamens and 
calycine segments.—African subshrubs or herbs. 
3 CepHatostrcma. Stigma capitate. Capsule 2-3-celled.— 
Herbs. 
4 Campanu'mza. Calyx without a limb. Stigmas ovate, 
thick. Capsule 38-celled.—Herbs, with opposite leaves, and 
large involucrated flowers. 
§ 2. Corolla 3-6-cleft or 3-6-lobed at the apex. 
always distinct. 
Anthers 
* Capsule with the valves opening regularly. 
5 Coponépsis. Calyx usually destitute of a limb. Corolla 
5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 3, ovate, thick. Capsule 3-celled. 
—Usually climbing glaucescent herbs, with opposite leaves. 
6 Canarrna. Calyx and corolla 6-lobed. Stamens 6. 
Stigmas 6. Cells of fruit opposite the stamens and calycine 
segments.—Climbing glaucescent herbs, with opposite leaves. 
7 Pxuarycopon. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens and 
stigmas 5. Capsule 3-5-celled ; cells when 5 alternating with 
the stamens and calycine segments. Seeds ovate, flat, — Rather 
glaucescent herbs, with alternate or subopposite leaves, and large 
campanulate corollas. 
8 Microcdpon. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens and 
stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled; cells alternating with the stamens 
and calycine segments. Seeds small, ovoid.—Humble herbs, 
with narrow alternate leaves, and small cylindrical corollas. 
9 Wautense’reta. Calyx and corolla 3-5-lobed. Stamens 
3-5; stigmas 2-5. Capsule 2-5-celled ; cells when 5 opposite 
the stamens and calycine segments. Seeds small, usually ovoid. 
Herbs usually with alternate and narrow leaves. 
** Capsule elongated, bursting at the top or opening by a pore. 
10 Prismatoca’rrus. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 
5. Capsule 2-celled, naked, at length bursting irregularly at 
the apex. Seeds angular, thick.—Herbs or subshrubs, with 
alternate narrow stiff leaves, and axillary sessile flowers. 
11 Ror’tra. Calyx and corolla 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Cap- 
sule 2-celled, always terminated by the permanent calycine seg- 
ments, dehiscing irregularly at the apex.—Small shrubs, with 
alternate narrow stiff leaves; and sessile, usually solitary, tet- 
minal flowers. 
Trisez II. 
Campanu'tex. Capsule dehiscing at the sides.— The plants con- 
tained in this tribe are all indigenous to the northern hemisphere. 
§ 1. Capsule dehiscing by valves, which are equal in number to 
the cells. 
* Corolla 5-8-parted. 
12 Puyrevma. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stamens 5- 
Capsule 2-3-celled. Stigmas filiform.—Herbs, with small usually 
glomerate flowers. ; 
13 Petroma’ruta. Calyx and corolla 5-parted. Stigma 
