736 CAMPANULACE#, 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Flowers involucrated. 
Involucrum 5-parted. Calyx hemispherical, combined with the 
involucrum at the base, truncate at the apex, bearing the co- 
rolla. Corolla 5-parted? (5-petalled, ex Blum,). Stamens 5, 
free, opposite the lobes of the involucrum, inserted at the base 
of the corolla or top of the calyx, and in the ovarium; filaments 
broadest at the base ; anthers 2-celled. Style inclosed, divided 
into 3 ovate thick stigmas at the apex, which are pilose before 
the expansion of the flower. Ovarium combined with the tube of 
the calyx, 3-celled. Capsule globose, terminated by a broad flat 
5-angled umbilicus, which is girded by the cicatrices occasioned by 
the falling of the corollas and stamens, many-valved, ex Blum. 
Seeds very numerous, ovoid-cylindrical, dotted, inserted on the 
thick placentas, which are inflexed on both sides, and situated at 
the inner angle of the cells—Quite glabrous lactescent herbs, 
with tuberous roots, ex Blum. Stems and branches terete. 
Leaves opposite, glaucescent beneath. Peduncles axillary and 
terminal. 
1 C. Java’nica (Blum. bijdr. p. 727.) stem climbing; leaves 
on long petioles, ovate-cordate ; flowers solitary, scattered. 2%. 
u. S. Native of Java, in humid woods on the mountains of 
Salak and Gede. Leaves 1-2 inches long, and 6-12 lines 
broad. Flowers green, axillary, and terminal. Peduncles 1- 
flowered. 
Java Campanumea. PI. cl. 
2 C. Cretx’sica (Blum. bijdr. p. 727.) stem erect ; leaves on 
short petioles, oblong-lanceolate; flowers subcorymbose, ter- 
minal. 2%. S. Native of Celebes. Leaves ovate, acute: su- 
perior ones lanceolate, nearly entire, or serrulated. 
Celebes Campanumea. PI. 1 foot. 
Cult. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will be a good soil 
for the species of Campaniimea; and they are to be increased 
by cuttings or seeds. 
V. CODONO'PSIS (from kwéwy, kodon, a bell, and opic, opsis, 
resemblance ; in reference to the shape of the flowers). Wall. 
in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 103. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 120. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-lobed or trun- 
cate. Corolla inserted in the top of the calyx, 5-lobed; lobes 
alternating with the calycine segments when there are 5. Sta- 
mens 5, free, alternating with the lobes of the corolla; filaments 
broadest at the base; anthers 2-celled, length of filaments. 
Style inclosed ; stigmas 3, thick. Ovarium 3-celled, almost 
combined with the whole of the tube of the calyx. Capsule 
dehiscing by 3 acute valves at the apex, which are septiferous in 
the middle. Seeds inserted in the inner angle of the cells to 
a thick placenta, furnished with albumen and a straight em- 
bryo.—Usually quite glabrous herbs, inhabitants of the north of 
India on the mountains. Stems erect or scandent, and even 
twining, branched, terete, rising from a woody root, probably 
always. Leaves usually strictly opposite, ovate, acuminated, 
not entire, on short petioles, glaucous, rarely hoary beneath. 
Branches usually opposite, more or less articulated at their 
origin. Flowers terminal and axillary, pedunculate, sometimes 
involucrated. Corollas whitish, yellowish or deep purple. The 
habit of the species is variable. 
Secr. I. Mrcasa’ytues (from peyac, megas, large, and ayGoc, 
anthos, a flower; in reference to the size of the flowers). In- 
volucrum none. Flowers large. Corolla firm, rather fleshy. 
Calyx 5-cleft. Seeds ovoid-cylindrical. 
1 C. vi'rrpis (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 108.) stem ascending, twin- 
ing; leaves alternate and opposite, downy, hoary beneath, a 
little crenulated ; corollas large, yellowish-green. %. ©. G. 
Native of Nipaul, about Gosaingsthan, Kamaon, and in an ob- 
scure wood on the top of Sheopore. Plant scandent, much 
IV. CAMPANUMÆA. 
V. Coponorsis. VI. Canarina. 
branched, with the habit of Convélvulus. Leaves ovate-oblong. 
Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary, often opposite the leaves, 
with an ungrateful scent. 
Green-flowered Codonopsis. Pl. twining. 
2 C., purru'rea (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 105.) stems 
ascending, twining a little, manifestly articulated ; leaves strictly 
opposite, glabrous, glaucescent beneath, a little crenulated; 
corollas deep purple. 2%.?%.G. Native.of Nipaul, on the 
mountains towards the Himalaya. Leaves obovate-oblong. 
Flowers solitary, usually terminal, and terminating axillary 
branchlets. 
Purple-flowered Codonopsis. Pl. twining. 
Secr. II. Microsa’nrnes (from puxpoc, micros, small, and 
av@oc, anthos, a flower; in reference to the small flowers). 
Flowers small, white, involucrated. Calyx probably always 
truncate. Seeds rather lenticular, small. Leaves strictly op- 
posite, glabrous, glaucescent beneath. 
3 C.rRuNca‘Ta (Wall. cat. no. 1301.) stem erect; leaves sharply 
serrated; involucrum combined with the base of the calyx. 
Y.? S. Native of the Burman Empire, at Pingue on the banks 
of the Irrawaddi. Stem branched; branches stiffish. Leaves 
ovate, acuminated. Flowers 2-6 on the top of each branch ; 
pedicels terminal and axillary, 1-flowered. 
Truncate-calyxed Codonopsis. Pl. 1 to 2 feet? 
4 C. parvirtora (Wall. cat.no. 1300. Alph. D.C. mon. p. 
123.) stem erect; leaves remotely and setaceously denticulated ; 
involucrum distinct from the calyx. %.? G. Native on the 
Pundua mountains, on the north-east of Bengal. Stem branch- 
ed; branches opposite. Leaves ovate-acuminated. Flowers 
small, numerous, and as if they were panicled ; peduncles tri- 
chotomous or dichotomous. 
Small-flowered Codonopsis. 
Cult. 
Pl. 2 feet. 
For culture and propagation see Campanumea above. 
VI. CANARI'NA (so named from the first species being a 
native of the Canary Islands). Juss. gen. p. 164. Lam. ill. gen. 
t. 259. Geertn. fruct. suppl. p. 163. t. 211. Vent. tabl. 2. p. 
470. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 123.—Canaria, Lin. mant. p. 148. 
and p. 225.—Pernètya, Scop. introd. p. 150. Neck. elem. 1. p. 
233.—Campánula species, Pluk. phyt. t. 276. f. 1. Tourn. inst. 
1. p. 109. Lin. spec. 1. p. 168. 
Lin. syst. Hexándria, Monogýnia. Calyx 6-cleft. Corolla 
6-lobed at the apex, large, campanulate. Stamens 6, free ; fila- 
ments thickest at the base, glabrous. Style inclosed, hispid 
above, the hairs disposed in 12 rows. Stigmas 6. Capsule 6- 
celled, dehiscing at the apex; cells opposite the calycine lobes 
and stamens. Seeds small, angular.—Large herbs, with thick 
perennial roots : having the stem, leaves, and calyxes glaucescent, 
and quite glabrous. Leaves opposite. Flowers terminal, soli- 
tary. 
1 C. campanuza‘ra (Lam. dict. 1. p. 598. ill. t. 259.) plant 
glaucescent; root tuberous, fusiform; stems ascending; leaves 
hastately subcordate, irregularly toothed ; flowers solitary, ter- 
minating axillary branchlets. 4%. G. Native of the Canary 
Islands. Curt. bot. mag. 444. Gærtn. fruct. suppl. p. 63. t- 
211. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 376. Herb. amat. t. 142. C. levigata, 
G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p.139. Canaria campanulata, Lin. 
mant. p. 225. Campanula Canariénsis, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 168. 
Hill. veg. syst. 8. t. 8.—Lin. hort. cliff. p. 65. t. 8.—Pluk. 
phyt. t. 276. f. 1. alm. p. 76. Flowers drooping, of a yellowish 
purple or orange colour, having the nerves red. 
Campanulate-flowered Canarina. Fl. Jan. March. Clt. 1696. 
Pl. 8 to 4 feet. 
2 C.? Zanauesa’rica (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 125.) stem 
shrubby, scandent, branched; leaves hastately cordate, quite en- 
