750 
s. te 224. Phytetima pinnatum, Lin. spec. 1. p. 242. Lam. ill. 
no. 2591. Vent. cels. t. 52. Sibth. et Smith, fl. græc. t. 226. 
Rem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 86. Petromarula Rapúnculum 
Créticum &c. Barrel. icon, 1154.—Moris. oxon. 2. p. 454. 
—Park. theatr. 649. f. 5.—Moris. ox. sect. 5. t. 1. f. 8.— 
Pone. bald. p. 38. with a figure.— Bauh. hist. 2. p. 811. Plant 
glabrous, 3-6 feet. Root fusiform. Leaves large, pinnatifid. Ra- 
cemes long, forming terminal panicles. Corollas blue or white. 
Var. B, pubéscens (D.C. prod. 4. p. 209.) panicle and calyxes 
downy. 2. or ¢. H. Native of Candia. Phyteùma pinna- 
tum. Rchb. hort. bot. t. 137. 
Pinnate-leaved Petromarula. 
6 feet. 
Cult. A light rich soil, and a warm sheltered situation, are 
the best for this plant. It is increased slowly by division, but 
plentifully by seed. The plant requires shelter in severe wea- 
ther in winter. 
Fl. Aug. Clt. 1640. Pl. 3 to 
XIV. MICHAU’XIA (named in honour of Andrew Michaux, 
botanist to the King of France, who travelled into Syria, Persia, 
and North America, and discovered this his genus). Lher. diss. 
Lam. ill. 2. t. 295. Geertn. fil. suppl. p. 162. t. 211. Alph. D. 
C. mon. p. 211.—Mindium rhazes, Adans. fam. 2. p. 134. Juss. 
gen. p. 164, 
Lin. syst. Octdndria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 8-10-cleft, having 
the recesses covered by appendages. Corolla 8-10-parted, rotate. 
Stamens 8-10, free; filaments very broad, membranous, approxi- 
mate at the base ; anthers yellow, cuspidate at the apex. Style 
covered by hairs, which are disposed in 16 rows; stigmas 8, 
filiform. Ovarium wholly inferior, 8-celled: cells opposite the 
calycine lobes. Capsule drooping, 8-10-valved, dehiscing at the 
base. Seeds numerous, ovate, rusty, inserted in fleshy recep- 
tacles, which are situated at the inner angles of the cells.— 
Handsome biennial herbs, natives of the Levant, with the habit 
of Campénula, but the recesses or sinuses of the calyx are 
covered, and the leaves are lyrate. 
1 M. campanutoipes (Lher. diss. mon. with a figure) stem 
pilose; radical leaves lanceolate, irregularly lobed; petioles 
marginated and lobed; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx 
shorter than the lobes. &. H. Native of the Levant, about 
Aleppo, and on Mount Lebanon. Lam, ill. 2. t. 295. Curt. bot. 
mag. 219. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 211. Campanula lyrefolia, 
Salisb. prod. p. 127. Michaúxia strigòsa, Pers. syn. 1. p. 418. 
—Moaris. oxon. 2. p. 460. sect. 5. t. 31. Míndium Rhazes, 
Adans. fam. 2. p. 134. Mèdium Dioscóridis, or Míndium 
Rhàzis, Rauw. hodoep. part. 2. chapt. 12. p. 284. and part. 4. 
t. 35. Root fusiform. Stem branched at top. Leaves stri- 
gose as well as the stem, 3-4 inches long. Flowers drooping, 
scattered along the stem and branches, from the axils of brac- 
teas, on short pedicels, purple or pale red, octandrous. Corolla, 
calyx, and stigma, 8-parted. 
Campanula-like Michauxia. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1787. 
6 feet. 
2 M. rævica`ra (Vent. cels. t. 81.) stem glabrous; leaves 
hispid, doubly toothed ; radical ones ovate, on long petioles : 
cauline ones sessile, oblong, lower ones attenuated at the base, 
upper ones cordate ; appendages of the sinuses of the calyx 
longer than the lobes. &. H. Native of Persia. Gærtn. 
fruct. suppl. p. 162. t, 211. f. 6. Hook. bot. mag. 3128. 
M. decandra, Fisch. Root branched. Stem and leaves glau- 
cescent, the latter strigose. Flowers on short pedicels, horizon- 
tal, solitary, and scattered along the top of the stem and branches, 
decandrous, whitish. Calyx, corolla, and stigma, 10-parted. 
Smooth-stemmed Michauxia. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1820. Pl. 
8 to 10 feet. 
Cult, The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground, 
Pl. 
CAMPANULACE®. XIII. PETROMARULA. 
XIV. Micuauxia. XV. CAMPANULA. 
and the plants treated like other biennials. 
They require some 
protection in severe weather in winter. 
XV. CAMPA’NULA (a dim. of campana, a bell; referring 
to the shape of the flowers). Fuchs. hist. p. 43. Tourn. elem. 
2. p. 90. t. 37-38. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 213.—Campanula spe- 
cies, Lin. gen. no. 290. Adans. fam. nat. 2. p. 134. Juss. gen. 
p. 164. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 153. t. 31. Neck. elem. 1. p. 234. 
Schk. ench. no. 117. t. 39. Lam. ill. no. 345. t. 123. Vent. 
tabl. 2. p. 470. R. Br. prod. p. 560.—Roucèla, Dumóntier, 
comm, bot. p. 14.—Médium, Fisch. mss.—Erineon, Pliny, 23. 
ch. 17.—Cervicaria species, Cord. Dod. pempt. 164.—Ràpum 
species, Ruell. p. 458.—Trachélium, Lob. hist. 176. 
Lin. syst. Penténdria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, having the 
sinuses usually covered by appendages, Corolla 5-lobed or 5- 
cleft at the apex, usually bell-shaped. Stamens 5, free; fila- 
ments broad at the base and membranous. Style covered by 
fascicles of hairs, except at the base; stigmas 3-5, filiform. 
Ovarium wholly inferior, 3-5-celled. Capsule 3-5-valved, de- 
hiscing laterally. Seeds usually ovate, flattened, sometimes 
ovoid, and small.—Herbs usually perennial, rarely annual or 
biennial. Radical leaves usually different in form from the cau- 
line ones, especially in size. Flowers for the most part pedun- 
culate, usually racemose, rarely spicate or glomerate, blue or 
white.—All the species are inhabitants of the northern hemis- 
phere.—The names Trachélium and Cervicdria are the oldest 
names used for this genus, which were given to it on account of 
its supposed efficacy in the cure of disorders of the neck and 
trachea ; hence it has the name of Halskraut or Halswort in 
German, Halsurt in Danish, and Throatwort in English; and 
some European species have the name of Rapúnculus, from the 
resemblance of the root to that ofa turnip ; hence they have the 
names Rapum, Rapintum, Rapinculus, &c., from whence spring 
the French name Raiponce, the German Rapunzel, the Spanish 
one of Rapiunchigo, and the English one of Rampion. 
Srcr. I. Me‘p1um (a name employed by Dioscorides for some 
species of Bell-flower). Alph. D. C. mon. p. 216.—Myévor, 
Diosc.—Mèdium, Fisch. mss. Mariánthemum, Schrank, hort. 
monac.—Rapintia, Cheval. fl. par. 2. p. 526. Sinuses of calyx 
covered by reflexed appendages. Capsule 3-5-celled, dehiscing 
by valves at the base. 
§ 1. Capsule 5-celled. Stigmas 5.— Stems many-flonered. 
Radical leaves on long petioles.—Inhabitants of Greece and the 
adjacent regions. 
* Lower leaves irregularly lyrate or jagged; petioles mar- 
ginated and lobed. 
1 C. crispa (Lam. dict. 1. p. 581.) glabrous ; stems simple ; 
leaves smooth, coarsely and crenately toothed: radical ones bi- 
dentate, jagged: cauline leaves sessile, ovate, acute; flowers 
pyramidally racemose; calyx scabrous, with the appendages of 
the sinuses small and tooth-formed ; corolla broad, campanulate, 
roughish on the outside. 2%. H. Native of Armenia, about 
the city of Kars and Erzeroum. Alph. D. C. mon. p. 216.— 
Tourn. cor. 3. voy. 2. p. 370. Flowers disposed as in C. pyra- 
midalis, rising from the lower or middle part of the stem to the 
apex from the axils of the leaves. Corolla very open, white or 
blue. 
Curled Bell-flower. Pl. 1 to 14 foot. 
2 C. Ce'rsu (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 217.) plant velvety ; stem 
ascending ; lower leaves irregularly lobed: terminal lobe cre- 
nated, ovate, acute: superior leaves sessile, obovate crenated ; 
flowers disposed in long panicles ; appendages of the sinuses of 
