CAMPANULACEZR. XV. CAMPANULA. 
more rare in the south: in moist woods and thickets, by the 
sides of rivulets. Oed. fl. dan. t. 85. and t. 782. Smith, engl. 
bot. 302. C. urticzefdlia, All. pedem. 1 p. 110. C. Brunònis, 
Wall. cat.—Weinm. phyt. t. 287.— Park. par. 355. f. 2.—Lob. 
icon. 2, t. 278. Stem glabrous, rarely a little hairy. Leaves 
glabrous, rarely rather scabrous. Flowers solitary, rising from 
the axils of the superior leaves. Corollas large, blue, but some- 
times white, or bluish-white, glabrous outside, but sometimes 
bearded inside. Lobes of calyx often denticulated. 
Var. B, macrántha (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 265.) stem and 
leaves rather pilose : teeth of leaves more distinct; calyx gla- 
brous ; corollas larger. X4. H. C. macrántha, Fisch. ined. 
V. latifòlia, var. macrántha, Sims, bot. mag. 2553. 
„Var. B, eriocárpa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 265.) stem and leaves 
pilose and pale; leaves less acuminated; tube of calyx very 
hispid. 4%. H. Native of Caucasus. C. eriocarpa, Bieb. fl. 
taur, 1. p. 149. C. latifolia, var. macrántha and eriocárpa, 
Fisch, in litt. 
Broad-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. July. Britain. P). 2 to 3 ft. 
56 C. rracue'tium (Lin. spec. 235.) stems angular, pilose ; 
leaves scabrous, acuminated, coarsely and crenately toothed : 
radical ones petiolate, cordate; flowers disposed in loose ra- 
cemes; peduncles 1-3-flowered; calyx rather pilose, with trian- 
gularly acuminated erect lobes, 3 times shorter than the corolla, 
which is campanulate. %.H. Native of Europe, from Spain. 
Portugal, Piedmont, Naples, and Greece, even to Scotland, 
Sweden, Russia, and the Carpathian Mountains; of Caucasus, 
Tauria, Siberia, and even to Japan, in shady places. In Britain, 
in groves, thickets, and hedges frequent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 12. 
Oed. fl, dan. t. 1026. Hook. fl. lond. t. 109. C. gantélée, 
Jaum, St. Hil. fl. fr. t. 47. C. urticæfòlia or urticifòlia, 
Schmidt, fl. bohem. no. 173. p. 73. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. no. 374. 
Tenor. fi. neap. 1. p. 68.—J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 805. with a figure. 
C. Cervicària, Fuchs, hist. p. 431. with a figure.—Moris. oxon. 
2. p. 459. sect. 5. t. 3. f. 28. Stem simple or branched, red- 
dish. Leaves often doubly toothed, roughish. Flowers droop- 
ing alittle, 1-4 together, terminating the branchlets. Corolla bluish 
violet and white, and all the shades between these two colours, 
bearded inside. The name Trachelium is from Tpaxndoc, the 
neck; alluding to the reputed virtues of this plant in disorders 
of the throat, to which the other appellations of old authors 
allude. A decoction of the herb, which is bitter and somewhat 
acrid, was used as a gargle. 
Var, B; flower solitary, terminal. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 149. 
Var. y, flore pleno; flowers double, blue and white, and all 
the shades between these two colours. Theatr. flor. t. 69. 
Var. ò, monstrosa (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 267.) flowers abortive, 
degenerating into leaves. Hall. enum. p. 193. 
Great Throat-wort or Nettle-leaved Bell-flower. Fl. July, Aug. 
Britain. P]. 2 to 3 feet. 
57 C. rapuncuxoipes (Lin. spec. 234.) stems rather sca- 
brous; leaves scabrous, ovate, acuminated : radical ones petio- 
late, cordate, crenulated : cauline ones serrulated ; flowers dis- 
posed in long spicate racemes, solitary; calyx rather scabrous, 
with linear-lanceolate lobes, which are afterwards reflexed ; 
corolla funnel-shaped, 4 times longer than the calycine lobes. 
Y. H. Native of Europe, from the Pyrenees, Dauphiny, Pied- 
mont, Transylvania, even to Scotland, Sweden, and Lapland ; 
in the plains about the Carpathian Mountains ; Caucasus, even 
to the banks of the river Oby in Siberia. Frequent in Middle 
Europe. In Britain, in woods and fields, but rare, in some woods 
in Oxfordshire, among yew trees. It grows in Scotland, in 
corn-fields, 2 miles north-west from Kirkaldy. Smith, engl. 
bot. t. 1369. fl. dan. 1327. Plenck, icon. t. 152, C. nutans, 
Lam. fi. fr. 3. p. 336. but not of Waldst. et Kit, C. urtici- 
folia, Turr. prod. fl. ital. 64, no. 9. Vittm. summ. pl. 1. p. 454. 
757 
Turr. giorn. de veniz. t. 1. Gmel. syst. 2. p. 350. but not of All. 
and Willd. C. Trachélium, Bull. herb. t. 319. C. sectinda, 
Schmidt, fl. bohem. 2. p. 74. C. morifdlia, Salisb. prod. p. 126. 
C. rigida, Stokes, mat. med. 3. p. 333. C. glabricarpa, Schleich. 
pl. exsic. Root creeping. Stems glabrous or scabrous, usually 
branched in gardens, but simple in the wild state. Flowers 
drooping, solitary, disposed in spike-formed racemes, secund, 
but usually hanging on all sides in strong garden specimens. 
Corollas bluish-violet, and bearded a little inside. 
Var. B, cályce glabérrimo (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 268.) calyx 
quite glabrous ; plant more or less glabrous and reddish. YJ. 
H. Native of the Ukraine. C. Ucranica, Bess. C. neglécta, 
Bess. cat. hort. crem. 1808. p. 28. C. crenata, Link, enum. 1. 
p- 214. C. infundibuliformis, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2632. Flowers 
bluish-violet. 
Var. y, macrophjlla (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 268.) stem 
branched ; racemes many-flowered; leaves large. 4%. H. A 
garden plant. Corollas bluish-violet. 
Var. ò Ginipontana (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 268.) flowers few, 
disposed in loose racemes; peduncles Jong, erect, usually 1- 
flowered; calycine lobes broader. %. H. C. Œnipontàna, 
Morett. ined. 
Var. £, trachelioides (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 269.) stem and 
leaves beset with stiff white hairs, but particularly the calyx. Y. 
H. Native of Caucasus. C. trachelioides, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 
150. no. 3576. Stev. mem. nat. cur. mose. 3. p. 255. C. Ucrá- 
nica, Spreng. nov. prov. p. 8. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 121. 
C. macrostàchya, Panz. herb. C, setòsa, Fisch. mss. 
Var. ¢, nana (Alph. D. C. mon. p. 269.) stem abortive, 1-3- 
flowered. Y. H. 
Rampion-like Bell-flower. Fl. June, July. England. Pl. 2 
to 4 feet. 
58 C. Bononte’nsts (Lin. spec. 1. p. 234.) scabrous; stems 
simple ; leaves serrulated, ovate, acuminated, dark green above, 
pale beneath: radical leaves cordate, petiolate : superior leaves 
stem-clasping ; flowers numerous, small, disposed in long ra- 
cemes; calycine lobes acuminated, 4 times shorter than the 
corolla, which is funnel-shaped. %. H. Native of the east of 
Europe and west of Asia, from lat. 40° to 53°, and long, 15° 
10’ west. even to 60°; particularly in the northern elevated val- 
leys in the kingdom of Naples; Upper Italy, Piedmont, Saxony, 
Prussia, Bohemia, Silesia, Caucasus, the Ukraine, and near the 
Volga, &c. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 150. Rchb. icon. cent. 2. t. 111. 
f. 221. C. Thaliana, Wallr. sched. crit. p. 86. Rchb. icon. cent. 
2. t, 112.—Bauh. hist. 2. p. 806.—Moris. oxon. 2. p. 461. sect. 
5. t. 4. £38. Tube of calyx blackish. Flowers smaller than 
in any other nearly allied species, numerous, disposed in a simple 
raceme, or the raceme is branched at the base. Corollas bluish- 
violet, glabrous. Plant dark green. Leaves pale beneath. 
Var. (3; radical leaves very long.~ Y. H. Native of the 
kingdom of Naples. C. obliquifdlia, Tenore, fl. neap. prod. p.15. 
fl. neap. 1. p. 69. t. 17. Flowers bluish-violet. : 
Var. y; plant much branched, many-flowered. %.H. Na- 
tive of Caucasus. C. Bononiénsis, var. a, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 
151. C. multifldra, Hortul. C. lychnitis, Horn. hort. hafn. 
1. p. 199. Flowers bluish-violet. ; 
Var. ò; leaves broader, tomentose beneath. %. H. Native 
of Tauria, Caucasus, and many parts of Russia, and the Levant. 
C. petræ'a, Habl, taur. p. 157. ex Bieb. C. Bononiénsis, Scop. 
carn. 1. p. 147. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 730. _C. Ruthénica, Bieb. 
fl. taur. 1. p. 151. Willd. enum. p. 211. Sims, bot. mag. 2653. 
lowers bluish-violet. ehay 
: Var, e; stems very simple. Y. H. C. Bononiénsis, All. fi. 
pedem. 1. p. 111. ©. símplex, Lam, et D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 730. 
Reem. et Schultes, syst. 5. p. 122. C. Bononiénsis, var. 3, Bieb. 
fl. taur, 1. p 151. Flowers bluish-violet. 
