44 OLEINJE. 
4-cleft (f. 8. b., f. 9. a.); sometimes 4-petalled: petals connected 
by pairs to the middle of the filaments, rather valvate in sestiva- 
tion; sometimes wanting. Stamens 2, alternating with the seg- 
ments or petals of the corolla. Anthers 2-celled ; cells dehiscing 
lengthwise. Ovarium simple, girded by no glandular disk, 2- 
celled; cells 2-seeded. Ovula pendulous, collateral. Style 
simple, or wanting; stigma bifid, or undivided. Fruit drupa- 
ceous, baccate, or capsular, often 1-seeded by abortion. Seeds 
with dense copious albumen. Embryo middle-sized, longitudinal, 
straight. Cotyledons foliaceous, half free; radicle superior ; 
plumule inconspicuous.—Trees and shrubs. Leaves opposite, 
simple, rarely pinnate. Flowers racemose or panicled, terminal 
or axillary, with opposite unibracteate pedicels. 
The bark of the ash is so bitter, as to be highly celebrated 
as a febrifuge, and is even compared with quinquina for effect. 
The sweet purgative called manna is a discharge from the bark 
of several species of O’rnus and Fráxinus. The sweetness of 
this substance is not due to the presence of sugar, but to a 
distinct principle called mannite. Olive oil is expressed from 
the pericarp of O'lea Europe'a. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Terre I. 
Orig. Corolla short, ipanulate or urceolate, 
4-cleft. Stamens 2, with short filaments, and erect anthers. 
Fruit drupaceous. 
1 Licu’strum. Corolla funnel-shaped, having the tube exceed- 
ing the calyx. Stamens inclosed. Style very short; stigma 
bifid. Berry globose, containing 2 chartaceous nuts. 
2 Puytuty’rea. Corolla short, campanulate. 
little exserted. Stigma thickish. 
the cells usually abortive. 
3 O'rLza. Calyx tubular, 4-toothed. Segments of corolla 
ovate. Stamens a little exserted. Style very short; stigma 
bifid, with emarginate segments. Drupe 2-celled, one of the 
cells abortive; nut oblong. 
4 NonóxHia. Corolla globular, thick, deeply 4-parted. An- 
thers lying in the substance of the corolla. Style wanting. 
Drupe containing a two-celled putamen; one of the cells abor- 
tive. Albumen none?. 
5 PacuypE'RMA. Corolla globose, coriaceous, with a semi- 
4-cleft border. Stamens inserted above the base of the corolla. 
Ovarium 2-celled. Stigma almost sessile, obtuse. Berry only 
l-seeded. Albumen fleshy. 
6 Myxopy'rum. Corolla globose, coriaceous, plicate inside, 
with a 4-cleft border. Stamens inserted in the middle of the 
tube, with very short filaments. Ovarium 2-celled. Drupe 1-2- 
celled, containing 1-4 angular 1-seeded nuts. 
7 Cuiona’ntuus. Calyx 4-parted. Segments of corolla elon- 
gated, linear. Stamens inclosed. Style short; stigma trifid. 
Drupe containing a striated, 1-seeded nut. 
8 CuowpRoseERMUM. Calyx 4-toothed. Segments of co- 
rolla linear, clavate, vertical; throat closed by the anthers. Style 
short; stigma trifid. Fruit 2-celled, 1 seeded. 
talous. « 
he , 
Stamens a 
Berry globose, having one of 
I. LIGUSTRUM. 
Trise II. 
Syrincrz. Corolla funnel-shaped, or campanulate, 4-5- 
parted. Stamens 2, short. Fruit capsular, 2-celled. 
9 Syrinca. Calyx tubular, short, 4-toothed. Corolla funnel- 
shaped, with an elongated tube, and a 4-parted limb. Stamens 
inclosed. Style filiform; stigma thickish, bifid. Capsule ob- 
long, 2-celled, 2-valved ; valves contrary to the dissepiment* 
Seeds solitary, compressed ; with membranous margins. 
10 Forsy’tu1a. Calyx 4-parted. Corolla sub-campanulate, 
4-cleft. Stamens equal in length to the calyx, as well as the 
style; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit capsular. 
ll. FowrAwEsia. Calyx 4-parted. 
Stamens elongated, and stigma bifid. 
cent; cells 1-seeded. 
Corolla of 2 petals. 
Capsule papery, indehis- 
Frise III. 
NorEnzg'ue. Calyx 4-parted, or 4-cleft. Corolla of 4 petals, 
Stamens 2. Fruit drupaceous. 
12 NorrLE 4. Calyx 4-cleft. 
pairs to the filaments at the base. 
chartaceous 1-seeded putamen. 
13 LiwociE'Ra. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals linear, connected 
by pairs to the filaments at the base. Drupe 2-celled. 
Petals ovate, connected by 
Drupe containing a single 
Tanz IV. 
Fnaxixig. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-parted, or 
wanting. Corolla of 4 petals, 4-parted, or wanting. Stamens 
2, short; anthers dehiscing externally. Stigma nearly sessile, 
bifid. Fruit 2-celled, compressed, winged at the top, usually 1- 
seeded. 
14 FRAXINUS. 
mara 1-celled. 
15 O'nwus. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. 
4-parted. Petals 4. Samara 2-celled. 
Flowers polygamous. Petals wanting. Sa- 
Calyx 
Tribe I. 
OLIE'Æ. Calyx 4-toothed or 4-cleft. Corolla short, mono- 
petalous, campanulate, urceolate, or funnel-shaped. Stamens 2, 
with short filaments and erect anthers. Fruit drupaceous. 
I. LIGU'STRUM (said to be trom ligo, to tie, in reference 
to its flexible branches.) Tourn. inst. t. 367. Lin. gen. no. 9. 
Schreb. gen. no. 23. Geertn. fruct. 2. p. 72. t. 92. Juss. 
gen. p. 106. Lam. ill. 1. t. 7. 
Lin. syst.  Diándria, Monogy'nia. Calyx short, tubular, 
4-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with the tube exceeding the 
calyx, and the limb 4-parted. Stamens,2, with short filaments, 
inserted into the tube of the corolla. Style very short; stigma 
obtuse, bifid. Berry globose, containing 2 chartaceous 1-seeded 
nuts. Albumen hardish. Embryo inverted.—Shrubs with op- 
posite leaves; and terminal, compound, thyrsoid racemes of 
white flowers. 
1 L. vurca'nz (Trag. hist. 1005. Lin. spec. 1. p. 10.) leaves 
elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous ; racemes compound, coarctate. 
hk. H. Native of Europe, in hedges and woods; common in 
many parts of Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 764. Curt. lond. t. 
300. Œd. fl. dan. 1141. Smidth, æst. baumz. 3. t. 147. 
