46 OLEINZ. 
drooping. h.H. Native of the south of Europe. P. média, 
y, Willd. spec. 1. p. 43. 
Drooping Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. Shrub 
10-15 feet. 
5 P. orrxrürià (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11.) leaves oblong- 
lanceolate, almost quite entire, obtuse, narrowed at the base, 
veiny. h.H. Native of the south of Europe. P. média, ò, 
Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 11. P. racemósa, Link. jahrb. 1. p. 160. 
—Plukn. t. 310. f. 5. Branches erectish. 
Olive-leaved Phillyrea. FI. May, June. 
10-15 feet. 
6 P. nz vis (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 12.) leaves elliptic-oblong, 
almost entire, veiny, bluntish. k.H. Native of the south of 
Europe, and north of Africa. P. latifolia, var. a, Willd. spec. 1. 
p. 43.— Lob. icon. 132. f. 2.—Duh. arb. t. 125. P. latifolia, 
Mill. dict. no. 1. Leaves an inch or more long, a little narrowed 
at the base, blunt, with a small mucrone at the apex. 
Smooth Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. 
to 20 feet. 
7 P. rarirória (Lin. spec. 10.) leaves ovate, rounded at the 
base, serrated, veiny. b. Native of the south of Europe. 
Smith, fl. graec. t. 2. P. latifolia, B. serrata, Poll. fl. ver. 1. p. 
7. P. latitolia, 6, Ten. fl. nap. 3. p. 6. P. spinósa, Ten. syll. 
p. 9. no. 2. P. latifolia, 2, spindsa, Seg. ver. 2. p. 273. Young 
leaves subcordate at the base. 
Broad-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. 
28 to 30 feet. 
8 P. opriaua (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 12.) leaves lanceolate- 
oblong, serrated, acute at both ends, veiny, bent obliquely. 
h. H. Native of the south of Europe. P. latifolia, y, Willd. 
spec. 1. p. 43. P. coriacea, Link. jahrb. 1. p. 155.  Philljrea, 
ii. Clus. hist. l. c. Leaves like those of Myrica. 
Oblique-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May,June. Clt.1597. Shrub 
10 to 20 feet. 
9 P. sprndsa (Mill. dict. no. 8. Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 12.) 
leaves ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, acute, sharply and 
cuspidately serrated, glabrous, flat, veiny. ^. H. Native of 
the south of Europe. P. ilicifolia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 13. P. 
latifolia, 2, spindsa, Willd. spec. 1. p. 43. P. latifolia, longi- 
folia, Link. jahrb. 1. p. 54. Phillyrea, i. Clus. hist. 51.—Pluk. 
phyt. t. 310. f. 4. 
Spiny or Holly-leaved Phillyrea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1597. 
Shrub 10 to 20 feet. : 
10 P. srnícrA (Bertol. fl. ital. p. 43.) leaves all flat, elliptic ; 
superior ones bluntly serrated ; extreme branches twiggy; 
racemes dense-flowered, drooping ; peduncles shorter than the 
leaves; drupe obtuse, umbilicate, k. H. Native of Bononia. 
P. latifolia, Maur. cat. 13. p. 36. P. latifolia, Ten. fl. nap. 3. 
p. 6. syll. p. 9. no. 1. 
Straight Phillyrea. Shrub. 
Cult. The species of this genus were cultivated very early 
in our gardens; these were formerly either planted against 
walls, to which they were trained, to cover them; or, if 
they were placed as standards, their branches were clipped into 
various forms, like other evergreen trees of that day; but they 
are now used to form clumps in parks, to plant round the borders 
of woods, or to stand singly on lawns, where they have a very 
fine effect in winter, when other trees are destitute of leaves. 
They are generally increased by layering down branches in 
autumn. 
Clit. 1597. Shrub 
Shrub 10 
Clt. 1597. Tree 
IIl. OLEA (e\aa, elaia, the olive, which is itself, from 
cioc, leios, smooth. Olea is commonly used for the tree ; 
Oliva for the fruit ; and Oleum for the oil of the fruit; but this 
is not constant.) Tourn. inst. t. 370. Lin. gen. no. 20. 
Vaill. mem. par. 1722. Juss. gen. 105. Geertn. fruct. 1. t. 
II. PHILLYREA. 
ILI GO EEAS 
932 amull 1 sto: 
SEO 
Lin. syst. 
Vent. tab]. 2. p. 312. and 4. p. 101. t. 
Diándria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, tubular, 
4-toothed, permanent. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short 
tube, aad 4 ovate segments, deciduous. Stamens 2, a little ex- 
serted. Style short; stigma bifid, with emarginate or entire 
segments. Drupe containing a 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded, oblong 
nut; one of the cells often abortive. Albumen fleshy.—Ever- 
green trees, with opposite leaves; and axillary and terminal 
panicles of small white flowers. 
1 O. orea’stER (Hoffmansegg, fl. port. 1. p. 387.) leaves ob- 
long, mucronate, quite entire, hoary beneath while young ; 
branches spinescent. h. F. Native of Portugal, in the vicinity 
of Lisbon, and other parts of that kingdom; south of France, 
Spain, and Italy. O. Europea, var. a, Lin. spec. 1. p. 11. Vahl. 
enum. 1. p. 44. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. 1. t. 3. Stev. and 
Church, med. bot. 1. t. 15. O. Europz‘a commünis, Ait. hort. 
kew. 1. p. 13. Lin. hort. cliff. 4. O. sylvéstris, Mill. dict. no. 3. 
—Blackw. icon. t. 213. Branches rather quadrangular, hoary. 
Leaves green above, and with a few scattered scales beneath, 
The leaves are shorter and stiffer than the cultivated olive; and 
the fruit small, and of no value. 
Wild Olive. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. Shrub 4 to 5 feet. 
2 O. sativa (Hoffmansegg. fl. port. 1. p. 388.) leaves lanceo- 
late, mucronate, quite entire, hoary beneath ; branches angular, 
but not spinescent. h.H. Native of the south of Europe. 
O. Europee'a, Lin. spec. 1. p. 11. Vahl. enum. 1. p. 39. Brot. 
fl. us. 1. p. 10. All. pedem. 1. p. 121. no. 449. Wulf. in 
Roem. arch. 3. p. 311. Woodv. med. bot. p. 369. t. 136. 
Plenck, icon. t. 11. O. Europea longifolia, Lodd. bot. cab. 456. 
O. lancifólia, Moench. O. polymórpha, Risso. Leaves long-lan- 
ceolate, green above ; and hoary from small scales beneatb. 
The cultivated olive is said to have come originally from Asia, 
and grows abundantly about Aleppo and Lebanon. It is natu- 
ralized in different parts of the south of France, Spain, and Italy ; 
and is found in hedges and woods. The var. longifolia is 
that chiefly cultivated in the south of France and Italy; var. 
latifolia is chiefly cultivated in Spain; its fruit is near twice the 
size of the common Olive of Provence or Italy, but the oil is so 
rank of flavour as to be too strong for most English palates. 
The oil, and fruit in a pickled state, are chiefly from Languedoc. 
Leghorn, and Naples, to England ; the best oil is from Leghorn, 
and the best pickles from Genoa and Marseilles. The tree is 
branchy, and of so great longevity, that some plantations in 
Italy, as at Terne, are supposed to have existed from the time 
of Pliny. It delights in schistous, calcareous steeps, and 
does not thrive in elevated situations, or at a distance from the 
sea. The best oil is produced from fruit grown in calcareous 
soils. Olive oil may be said to form the cream and butter of 
Spain and Italy ; and the tree has been celebrated in all ages, as 
the bounteous gift of heaven, and as the emblem of peace and 
plenty. In Gibbon's Decline and Fall, chap. i. he quotes Pliny 
for the following fact. The Olive, in the Western World, 
followed the progress of peace, of which it was considered as 
the symbol. Two centuries after the formation of Rome, both 
Italy and Africa were strangers to that useful plant; it was 
naturalized in those countries, and at length carried into the 
heart of Spain and Gaul. Its usefulness, the little culture it 
requires, and the otherwise barren situations which it renders 
produetive, quickly spread it over the western face of the 
Appenines. The suckers are removed from the parent tree at 
all seasons, but is best done in spring and autumn, when the 
grounds are ploughed, and sometimes if the trees are thinly 
scattered, sown with corn and lupines, otherwise the earth is 
merely loosened round the roots, and, in some cases, manure is 
then laid round them. The young Olive plant bears at 2 years 
