OLEINZE. XV. Ornuvs. 
kind is more esteemed and always preferred to the other, because 
itis free and clear from impurities. There is still a third kind in 
Calabria, which is as white as the finest sugar, but is seldom met 
with. The two first kinds of manna undergo no preparation what- 
ever before they are exported. When the summer is rainy the 
manna is always scarce and bad. Manna likewise exudes spon- 
taneously, and concretes into granules; this kind is known in the 
markets by the name of manna in tear. Manna is sweet, but 
leaves a nauseous impression on the tongue. It is a mild ca- 
thartic, for which purpose it was formerly much used in practice ; 
it is now seldom given alone to adults, but combined with senna, 
neutral salts, and other purgatives, are frequently used to cover 
its taste. 
Var. B, latifolia (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 445.) leaflets oval- 
oblong, serrated, stalked. 
European Flowering Ash or Manna Ash. 
Clt. 1730. Tr. 20 to 30 feet. 
2 O. ROTUNDIFÒLIA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 605.) leaves with 3-5 
pairs of roundish-ovate, bluntly serrated, almost sessile leaflets, 
which are narrow at the base; petioles channelled; flowers 
with petals, polygamous ; peduncles axillary. ^b. H. Native 
of Calabria and the Levant, &c. Fraxinus rotundifolia, Ait. 
hort. kew. 3. p. 445. Vahl, enum. 1. p. 49. Willd. spec. 4. 
p. 1105. wild baum. p. 145. t. 2. f. 1. F. mannífera. 
Hort.—Pluk. alm. 182. f. 4.—Dauh. hist. 1. p. 177. f. 2. 
Branches and buds brown. Leaflets rather small, glabrous. 
Flowers purplish. The flowers come out in the spring before 
the leaves, like the other species of the genus, as well as of 
Fráxinus. The lower parts of the mountains of Calabria abound 
with this, the manna-ash, which grows spontaneously and with- 
out any culture, except that the woodmen cut down all the 
strong stems that grow above the thickness of a man's leg. 
Towards the end of July the gatherers of manna make a hori- 
zontal gash, inclining upwards, in the bole of the tree. As the 
liquor never oozes out the first day, another cut is given on the 
second, and then the-woodmen fix the stalk of a maple leaf 
in the upper wound, and the end of the leaf in the lower one, 
so as to form a cup to receive the gum as it distils from each 
gash. The season continues about a month. The men have 
only 3 carlines (1s. 13d.) for every rotolo ; which quantity, con- 
taining 333 ounces, is sold for 242 carlini, or somewhat more 
than 10s.; if it be in tubular pieces the price rises one third. 
The tubular pieces are called manna in cannoli, and these re- 
gular tubes are produced by applying to the incision thin straw, 
or small bits of shrub, upon which the manna runs as it oozes 
out. The trees succeed best in an eastern exposure, in order 
to warm the juices in the morning, and to inspissate those which 
the heat has sweated out in the evening. 
Fl. May, June. 
Round-leaved Flowering Ash or Manna Ash. Fl. April. 
Clt. 1697. Tree 16 to 20 feet. 
3 O. AuznicA'xA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 9. Nutt. gen. 
amer. l. p. 6.) leaves with 2-5 pairs of oblong or ovate- 
acuminated, shining, serrated leaflets, glaucous beneath, the odd 
one rather cordate; flowers with petals, disposed in terminal 
panicles. h.H. Native of North America, in Maryland and 
Virginia, but rare. F. Americana, Lin. spec. 1510. ? Branches 
brownish grey. Buds brown. Leaflets 3-5 inches long and 2 
broad, paler beneath, and having the larger veins rather villous. 
Samara narrow, obtuse, mucronate. 
American Flowering Ash. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Tree 
30 to 40 feet. 
4 O. rronisv/wpA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 12.) 
leaves with 2-3 pairs of elliptic-oblong, acuminated, serrated, 
glabrous, stalked leaflets, and an odd one; panicles terminal, 
compound, thyrsoid ; petals linear, clavate (ex Wall.), oval- 
oblong, obtuse (ex D. Don); samara linear, or narrow-spatulate, 
VOL. IV. 
COLUMELLIE Æ. 51 
obtuse, entire. b. H. Native of Nipaul, where it is called 
Kangu, Tahasee, and Thaup.  Fraxinus floribánda, Wall. f. 
ind. 1. p. 150. pl. rar. asiat. 3. t. 277. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 
p. 106. Bark ash-coloured, dotted. Branchlets compressed. 
Leaflets varying much in figure, the terminal or odd one the 
largest. Flowers white. 
Bundle-flowered Flowering Ash. 
Tree 30 to 40 feet. 
5 O. XANTHOXYLOÌDES ; leaves pinnate; leaflets 5, small, 
oblong, tapering to the base and apex, crenated, almost sessile ; 
flowers lateral, aggregate ; fruit lateral, aggregate ; samaræ with 
emarginate wings. kh. H. Native of Sirinaghur. Fraxinus 
xanthoxyloides. Wall. cat. no. 2833. 
Xanthoxylon-like Flowering Ash. Tree. 
6 O. Moorcrortia‘na ; leaves pinnate; leaflets 5, oblong, 
acuminated at both ends, glabrous, almost sessile, paler be- 
neath, finely denticulated : odd one the largest; fruit disposed 
in simple, aggregate, lateral racemes ; samara with an emarginate 
wing, furnished with a little point in the centre of the notch. 
h. H. Native of Luddae, in the East Indies. Fráxinus 
Moorcroftiàna, Wall. cat. no. 2834. 
Moorcrofi's Flowering Ash. Tree. 
7 O. UROPHY'LLA ; leaves pinnate, on long petioles; leaflets 
5-7, on long petiolules, membranous, ovate-oblong, long-acu- 
minated, serrated ; peduncles panicled, axillary. ^p. H. Na- 
tive of Silhet, on the Pundua mountains. Fraxinus urophyllus, 
Wall. cat. no. 2835. Flowers much smaller than those of O. 
SJloribiinda. 
Tail-leaved Flowering Ash. Tree. 
8 O. srria‘ra (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 256.) leaves with 7 pairs 
of leaflets, villous beneath as well as the petioles; leaflets ob- 
long, petiolulate, acute, toothed; buds green ; branches striated. 
h. H. Native of North America. Fraxinus striata, Bosc. ex 
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 95. 
Fl. April. Cit: 1822. 
Striated Flowering Ash. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Tree 
30 feet. 
Cult, The species of this genus are raised from seeds, like 
those of Fráxinus, and may be increased by budding or grafting 
on the common ash. 
Orver CXLVIII. COLUMELLIE' (this order contains 
plants agreeing with Columéllia in important characters). D. 
Don, in edinb. phil. journ. dec. 1828. 
Calyx 5 or many-parted, permanent, adnate to the ovarium. 
Corolla inserted in the upper part of the tube of the calyx, 
rotate or funnel-shaped ; limb spreading, 5-lobed ; lobes equal, 
entire, convolutely imbricate in zestivation. Stamens 2, inserted 
in the thickened part of the throat, opposite the angles of the 
calyx ; filaments short, dilated; pollen resinous. Ovarium in- 
ferior, or half inferior, 2-celled, many-ovulate. Style declinate, 
seated on a flat fleshy disk. Stigma capitate, convex at top. 
Capsule 2-celled, woody, 2-valved, closely combined with the 
tube of the calyx, dehiscing at top by a cross-like chink, there- 
fore the valves are bifid at the apex; dissepiment contrary to 
the compression of the peduncle; cells many-seeded. Albu- 
men fleshy or wanting.—Trees or shrubs. 
petiolate, entire. 
Leaves opposite, 
Flowers terminal, yellow, or white, very like 
those of the species of Jasminum. Peduncles bibracteate ? 
This order corresponds with Jasminedcee in the structure and 
zestivation of its corolla, in its bilocular ovarium, and erect 
ovula, and it agrees both with it and Syrínga in the struc- 
ture ts dehiscence of its capsule. A comparison of the 
