STRYCHNACE/E. V. GARDNERIA. 
by whose indefatigable exertions and liberality the Botanic Gar- 
dens at Calcutta, as well as those of Britain, have been enriched 
by many splendid additions of plants and seeds, the productions 
of Nipaul. Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 401 and 2. p. 318. D. 
Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 122.  Cyathospérmum, Wall. mss. 
Lin. syst. Tetrándria, Monogy'nia. Calyx small, 4-5-toothed. 
Corolla rotate, with a 4-5-parted limb, and a short tube; valvate 
in æstivation. Stamens 4-5 ; filaments very short, flat; anthers 
oblong, convex outside, flattish inside, 2-celled, closely com- 
bined into a cone: having the valves membranous and involute 
after dehiscence. Style subulate, straight, shorter than the sta- 
mens, with a furrow on each side; stigma acute. Ovarium 
superior. Berry 2-celled, 2-seeded. Seeds compressed, orbi- 
cular ; testa simple, adhering closely to the albumen, which is 
copious, white and horny, pellucid and dotted. Embryo 
straight, basilar. Cotyledons ovate.— Climbing, much branched 
shrubs, glabrous in every part. Leaves opposite, ex-stipulate, 
elliptic, acuminated, rather coriaceous, quite entire, shining, pe- 
tialate. Peduncles axillary, opposite, trichotomous, 3-flowered, 
or simple 1-flowered, glabrous, shorter than the leaves. Flowers 
white, twice the size of those of the Cynánchum vincetóxicum. 
1 G. ova‘ra (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 400. 2. p. 318.) 
leaves elliptie, acuminate, acute at the base; peduncles tricho- 
tomous, 3-flowered ; flowers tetrandrous ; seeds concave inside. 
hk. u S. Native of Silhet, in Bengal. Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 3. 
p. 17. t. 281. Leaves pale beneath, having the nerves united by 
sub-marginal arches; petioles widening at the base, and sur- 
rounding the branches, concealing in their axils a few withering 
ciliz. Placenta fleshy, short, originating from the centre of the 
dissepiment. Anthers combined. 
Ovate-leaved Gardneria. Shrub cl. 
2 G. AwcusTIFOLIA (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 318.) leaves 
narrow-lanceolate, tapering into a narrow acumen; flowers 
solitary, axillary, pentandrous ; anthers distinct. kh. VU. S. 
Native of Nipaul. Leaves 5 inches long, and 1 inch in breadth. 
Petioles as in the preceding. Flowers nodding in estivation, 
tetrandrous and pentandrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Berry scarlet, 
as large as a marrow-fat pea, but in all other respects like that 
of G. ovata. 
Narrow-leaved Gardneria. Shrub. cl. 
3 G. cra‘pra (Wall. mss. ex D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 132.) 
leaves elliptic, acuminated, obtuse at the base; peduncles 1- 
flowered, simple: seeds flat inside. h. VY. S. Native of 
Silhet. The flowers and seeds are larger than in G. ovata. It 
is probably the same as G. angustifolia. 
Glabrous Gardneria. Shrub cl. 
4 G. Warrícun (Wight. herb. ex Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 3. p. 
49. t. 281.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated; peduncles 
axillary, 3-flowered, or bifid, each division bearing 3 flowers ; 
corollas densely villous above; anthers 4, combined. h.. 
S. Native of the East Indies, on mountains at Salem, Wight. 
Wallich’s Gardneria. Shrub cl. 
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Stry'chnos, p. 66. 
t A genus doubtful whether belonging to the present order. 
VI. DICA'RYUM (from £ic, dis, double; and kapvov, karyon, 
a nut; drupe containing 2 nuts.) Herb. Willd. ex Roem. et 
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 802. 
Lin. syst. — Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed, per- 
manent. Corolla 5-toothed; with a pilose throat. Stamens 5, 
inserted in the throat. Style thick, subulate; stigma obtuse. 
Drupe containing 2 2-celled, 1-2-seeded nuts.—South Ame- 
rican trees; with opposite leaves; and terminal, panicles, or 
axillary racemes of flowers. This genus is said by D. C. to 
belong to Strychnacee, but it is hardly known. 
1 D. suspenra‘rum (Willd. herb. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acutely 
VI. 
.the base; anthers linear. 
Dicaryum. POTALIACE. I. Poratia. 67 
toothed, shining above; racemes terminal. h.S. Native of 
South America, at Pichincha. Humb. et Bonp. Leaves coria- 
ceous, with protuberances at the base of the petioles, reticulately 
veined, pale beneath. 
Subdentate-leaved Dicaryum. Tree or shrub. 
2 D. scnRULA' TUM (Willd. herb. l. c.) leaves oblong, acumi- 
nated, serrulated ; panicles axillary. h.S. Native of South 
America, on Mount Quindiu. Humb. et Bonp. 
Serrulated-leaved Dicaryum. Tree or shrub. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Stryjchnos, p. 66. 
Orprer CLI. POTALIA‘CEE (so called in consequence of 
the order agreeing with the genus Potàlia in important charac- 
ters.) Potaliéz, Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 133. 
Flowers of unequal parts. Calyx 4-5-6-parted. Corolla 
tubular, with a nearly equal limb, which is from 5-12-cleft, 
twisted and imbricate in estivation. Stamens rising from the 
tube of the corolla; pollen elliptic, simple. Style continuous : 
stigma simple. Berry 2-4-celled. Seeds numerous, peltate, 
fixed to the placentas, which are central. Testa double. Em- 
bryo heterotropus, in cartilaginous albumen.—Glabrous, some- 
what lactescent shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, quite entire, 
joined by interpetiolar sheathing stipulas. Flowers disposed 
in terminal panicled corymbs, bracteate. 
This order is easily distinguished from Apocy’nee, from which 
it is broke off, in the parts of the flowers being unequal, in the 
double testa to the seed, and especially in the petioles being 
joined by interpetiolar stipulas, as in Rubidcee. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
1 Pota‘tta. Calyx 4-parted. Limb of corolla 10-parted, 
imbricate in estivation. Stamens 10; filaments combined by 
an annular membrane. Berry 2-celled. 
2 Antuoctersta. Calyx 4-parted. Limb of corolla 12-cleft, 
imbricate in estivation. Stamens 12, combined. Berry 2-celled. 
3 FacmEA. Calyx 5-parted. Limb of corolla 5-6-parted. 
imbricate in zestivation. Stamens 5, unconnected. Berry 2-celled. 
I. POTA'LIA (Guiana name of the first species). Aubl. 
guian. 1. p. 396. t. 151. Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 89.— 
Nicándra, Schreb. gen, no. 714. 
Lin. syst. Decdndria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured, tur- 
binate, 4-parted. Corolla tubular; limb 10-cleft ; segments 
imbricate in estivation. Stamens 10, rising from the tube of 
the corolla; filaments combined by an annular membrane at 
Style short; stigma capitately pel- 
tate, lobed. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded, umbonate, angular. 
Seeds angular, rising from 2 basilar placentas.— Nearly simple 
glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite and decussate, large, entire, 
joined by an interpetiolar sheath at the base. Flowers of a 
beautiful colour, disposed in terminal corymbose panicles, fur- 
nished with scale-like bracteas. 
1 P. ama‘ra (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 396. t. 151.) leaves opposite, 
decussate, obovate, pointed; calyx yellow; corolla white. 
b. S. Native of Guiana, in extensive forests. ^ Nicándra 
amara, Gmel. syst. 677. Stem simple. Leaves 14 foot long 
and 5 inches broad. Berry yellow, fleshy, size of a cherry. 
All parts of the plant are bitter; the leaves and tender twigs 
are used in venereal cases; and where there is suspicion of 
poison, it being highly emetic in large doses. 
Bitter Potalia. Shrub. 
K 2 
