APOCYNE. 
10 F. xirrora‘tis (Blum. bijdr. 1021.) parasitic; leaves oval, 
acute at both ends, almost veinless ; stipulas petiolar, rounded 
at top; peduncles terminal, usually by threes. k. S. Native 
of the island of Nusee-Kambanga. — Parasitical on trees. 
Sea-shore Fagraa. Fl. Oct. Shrub parasitical. 
11 F. minor (Herb. Reinwdt. ex Blum. bijdr. p. 1021.) 
parasitic; leaves oval, acute, rounded at the base, veiny ; sti- 
pulas petiolar, rounded at top ; peduncles terminal, sub-corym- 
bose, trifid. h. S. Native of Java, upon trees on the moun- 
tains, where it is called Mengando. 
Smaller Fagrea. Fl. year. Shrub par. 
12 F. Brv'ur; parasitic ; leaves obovate-oblong, bluntish, 
almost veinless above; stipulas petiolar, emarginate at the 
apex; peduncles terminal, corymbosely 3-flowered. k. S. 
Native of Java, in mountain woods. F. obovata, Blum. bijdr. 
p. 1021. but not of Wall. 
Blumes Fagreea. Fl. Feb. Shrub par. 
Cult. The species of Fagra‘a bear large foliage, and showy 
flowers, as the other genera of the order. A mixture of loam, 
peat, and sand, is a good soil for them ; and cuttings strike root 
readily in sand, placed in heat, with a hand-glass over them. 
Orper CLII. APOCY'NEJE (so named on account of its 
containing plants agreeing in particular characters with Apdcy- 
num.) Juss. gen. p. 160. R. Br. prod. p. 465. 
Calyx 5-cleft, permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypogy- 
nous, regular, 5-lobed, imbricate in estivation, deciduous. 
Stamens 5, epipetalous, alternating with the segments of the 
limb of the corolla; anthers 2-celled : dehiscing lengthwise ; 
pollen granular. Stigmas at first applied to each other. Ovaria 
solitary or twin, and therefore the styles are 1 or 2, and but 
always 1 stigma; ovaria for the most part many seeded. Fruit 
follicular, drupaceous or baccate, 1 or many-seeded, solitary or 
twin. Seeds usually albuminous. Embryo foliaceous, with an 
inconspicuous plumule.— Trees or shrubs usually full of acrid 
milky juice. Leaves opposite, sometimes verticillate, rarely 
scattered, quite entire, usually furnished with interpetiolar cilia 
or glands. Inflorescence sub-corymbose. 
All the plants contained in this order are very natural. The 
structure of the anthers and stigmas easily distinguish them from 
Asclepiüdece, to which they are more nearly allied than to any other. 
The order Strychnàcece is distinguished from this in the peltate 
seeds. The order is also closely allied to the Rubidcee; but is 
easily distinguished from it, in the want of interpetiolar stipulas, 
and in the superior ovarium, &c. 
We now turn from the contemplation of plants endued with 
mild and agreeable properties, and fragrant flowers, and often 
bearing food for man, to others, which are among the most dan- 
gerous poisons, whose juices, though milky, are not a wholesome 
and delicious beverage, like those of Sapotàcece, but, on the con- 
trary, acrid, caustic, and bitter. They are readily known by the 
twisted direction of the corolla, which have been compared to 
the rays of St. Catherine's wheel, whence they were called, by 
Linnaeus, Contérte. 
By far the greatest part of the order consists of tropical trees 
and shrubs; a few Apdcynums, Amsònias, and Vincas, are 
natives of the colder regions of the earth. Many are elegant 
climbers, as the different species of EcAites, Melodinus, &c. 
The splendid Oleander belongs to Nérium ; the different species 
69 
of Plumiéra, Cameraria, Strophánthus, and Carissa, are stove 
plants of the greatest beauty. 
The medicinal action of these plants is highly powerful. In 
general the Apocy'nee are acrid, stimulating, and astringent: 
these principles, when in excess, act so powerfully on the nerves 
as to produce stupefaction. The root of Ophidxylon is very 
bitter and purgative. The bark of Tanghinia Mánghas is pur- 
gative ; of Echites antidysentérica, and the Wrightia of the same 
name, astringent and febrifugal. The leaves of the Vinca are 
so astringent, that they have been used successfully in tanning ; 
those of Nérium Oleánder are said to abound in gallic acid. 
The inspissated juice of the species of Cérbera, known in Mexico 
under the name of Ycotli, is a fatal poison. The fruit of Tan- 
ghinia is the famous ordeal of Madagascar. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Trise I. 
Ecmimig m. Fruit of 2 follicles, sometimes a 2-celled capsule. 
Seeds furnished with a tuft of hairs at the upper or umbilical end. 
* Tube of corolla naked, not crowned, and without scales or 
teeth inside. 
1 Ecuires. Stamens inclosed; anthers adhering. Hypo- 
gynous scales 5, distinct, rarely combined. Corolla salver-shaped, 
with dimidiate segments. Follicles slender. 
2 CHONEMÓRPHA. Stamens inclosed; anthers adhering. 
Hypogynous scales 5, distinct or combined. Corolla funnel- 
shaped, with dimidiate segments. — Follicles slender. 
3 Acanésma. All as in Chonemórpha, except the hypogy- 
nous scales, which are long and combined ; and the style thick, 
not slender; and the stigma is conical, angular at the base, and 
mucronate at top, not emarginate. 
4 Beauméntia. — Calycine segments foliaceous. Corolla 
funnel-shaped, with a short tube, and a large, swollen, campanu- 
late limb, with equal lobes. 
hering. Stigma bidentate. 
Stamens exserted; anthers ad- 
Follicles combined, large, long. 
5 PacuvrópnivM. Stamens inclosed; anthers nearly sessile, 
adhering.? Hypogynous scales none. Corolla salver-shaped ; 
with equal, obtuse segments. Follicles ovate. 
6 IcHNoca’rpus. Stamens inclosed; anthers free. Hypogy- 
nous corpuscula 5, filiform. Corolla salver-shaped, with dimidiate 
segments. Follicles slender. 
7 HorannHe'NA. Stamens inclosed; anthers free. Hypo- 
gynous corpuscula wanting. Corolla sagittate, with equal seg- 
ments. Follicles slender. 
8 IsoxE'MA. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering; filaments 
simple at top. Hypogynous scales wanting. Corolla salver- 
shaped ; limb 5-parted. 
9 VarLA'Ris. Stamens exserted ; anthers adhering; fila- 
ments each furnished with a fleshy gibbosity outside, at the 
apex. Hypogynous scales 5, combined at the base. 
salver-shaped ; limb 5-parted. Ovarium 2-celled. 
10 Hzrv'cr4. Stamens exserted; anthers adhering; fila-. 
ments filiform. Hypogynous scales 5. Stigma clavate. Corolla 
rotate, with dimidiate segments.  Follicles combined, with 
adnate placentas. 
Corolla 
