84 APOCYNEZE. XXI. Barrouni4. 
tagonal and white; segments of limb broad and truncate at the 
apex. Anthers length of tube. Said to be non-lactescent. 
Five-angled-flowered Prestonia. Shrub tw. 
7 P. ANNULA'RIs ; leaves large; corolla furnished with a pro- 
minent ring; racemes pedunculate, bifid; hypogynous scales 
distinct. h. ^. S. Native of Surinam. Echites annulàris, 
Lin. suppl. 166. Leaves nearly a foot long. Segments of 
corolla emarginate. Stigma obtuse, girded by a ring. 
Annular-flowered Prestonia. Shrub tw. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Echìtes, p. 76. 
XXI. BALFOU'RIA (in memory of Sir Andrew Balfour, 
the founder of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden and Museum, of 
whose merits in natural history, especially in botany, an inter- 
esting account is given by his friend Sir Robert Sibbald, in a 
small volume entitled * Memoria Balfouriana."). R. Br. in 
mem. wern. soc. l. p. 70. prod. p. 467. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Monogynia. Corolla salver-shaped, 
throat crowned by a little crenulated tube; segments of the 
limb straight, equal-sided. Stamens inserted in the throat, a 
little exserted: anthers sagittate, mucronate, cohering by their 
middle to the stigma. Ovarium 2-celled. Style 1, filiform, 
dilated at apex; stigma angular. Scales 10, inserted at the 
base of the calyx outside the corolla: hypogynous ones none. 
Follicles unknown.—A small tree, about 12 feet high. Leaves 
opposite, lanceolate-linear, falcate ; furnished with interpetiolar 
teeth. Cymes trifid, lateral, and terminal. 
1 B. sarícwA (R. Br. prod. 467.). h. S. Native of New 
Holland, within the tropic. 
Willomy Balfouria. Tree 12 feet. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nérium, below. 
XXII. NERIUM (from ynpoc, neros, humid; habitat of spe- 
cies.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 71. Lam. ill. t. 174. 
f. ].—Nerium, species of Lin. ed Juss. 
Lin. syst. | Pentándria Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla 
salver-shaped; throat crowned by lacerated multifid segments ; 
segments of the limb twisted, unequal-sided, tailless. Filaments 
inserted into the middle of the tube. Anthers sagittate, awned, 
cohering by their middle to the stigma. Ovaria 2. Style 1, 
filiform, dilated at top; stigma obtuse. Hypogynous scales 
wanting ; but there are toothlets at the base of the calyx, outside 
the corolla.  Follicles cylindrical.—Erect shrubs. Leaves 3 in 
a whorl, elongated, coriaceous, with numerous parallel veins. 
Flowers terminal, corymbose. 
1 N. Orza'wnzR (Lin. spec. 805.) leaves lanceolate, 3 in a 
whorl, veiny beneath ; segments of corona trifid or tricuspidate. 
h. G. Native of the East Indies, in humid places; but has 
now become apparently wild in many places of the south of 
Europe, by the sides of streams, and near the sea coast.— 
Blackw. t. 531.—Duham. arb. 2. p. 46. t. 12.—Lob. icon. t. 
364. N. lauriforme, Fl. fr. 2. p. 209. Leaves 4-5 inches long, 
dark green. Flowers rather large, bright red. Like Rhododén- 
dron, this shrub has the name of Rose Bay, and for the same 
reason; but it is more commonly known by the officinal name, 
Oleander, which is also adopted in all the European languages, 
except the French, in which it is Zaurose, or Laurier-Rose, that 
is, Rose Bay. The Italians have adopted Nerio, or Rosa-laura, 
as well as Oleandro. Oil, in which the leaves are infused, was 
formerly recommended for cutaneous disorders, in preference to 
mercurial preparations, for weak constitutions. 
Var. (9, flore albo; flowers white; leaves pale green. k. 
G. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 700.—Ger. emac. 1406. f. 2. Park. 
theatr. 1407. 1. 
Var. y, spléndens (Hort.) flowers large, showy, double, bright 
XXII. Nerium. 
XXIII. STROPHANTHUS. 
red. 5.G. N.latifólium, Mill. dict. no. 3.? 
447. t. 440. Nérium grandiflorum, Hort. Par. 
Var. à, variegàtum (Hort.) leaves edged with white or yellow ; 
flowers red. ^. G. Lodd. bot. cab. 666. 
Common Oleander. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. 
14 feet. 
2 N. oporum (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 297.) leaves linear-lanceo- 
late, 3 in a whorl, coriaceous, veiny beneath, with revolute 
edges; segments of the crown multifid, filamentose at apex. 
hb. G. Native of the East Indies, on the banks of rivers, and 
by the sea side. Heyne, term. bot. t. 22. f. 1. Sims, bot. 
mag. t. 2032. N. odoràtum, Lam. dict. 3. p. 456.—Rheed. 
mal. 9. t. 2. N. Indicum, Mill. dict. no. 2. N. Oleander, 
Lour. coch. 115. Leaves light green, 6-10 inches long. Flowers 
pale red, with an agreeable musky scent. Bracteas lanceolate, 
mucronate, permanent. Calycine segments lanceolate mucro- 
nate. There is also a variety of this species with white flowers, 
and another with semi-double flowers. See Ker. bot. reg. t. 74. 
Smeet-scented-flowered Oleander. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. 
Shrub 6-8 feet. 
3 N. rrzavE'scENs (Di Spino, jard. de St. Sebastian, 1812.) 
leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, or opposite, veined be- 
neath; flowers and peduncles yellowish. 5. G. Native country 
unknown, but cultivated in Italian gardens. N. odórum, var. f, 
luteum, Targion Tazzet. obs. bot. dec. 1-2, p. 27. 
Yellowish-flowered Oleander. Fl. July, Aug. 
Shrub 6-10 feet. 
4 N. saríciNUM (Forsk. desc. 205. Vahl. symb. 2. p. 45.) 
leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 in a whorl, nerveless. h. G. Native 
of Arabia Felix. Said to differ from N. Oleánder, in the leaves 
being obtuse, and almost veinless beneath, not with copious 
parallel nerves. A large tree, with the habit of Salix fragilis. 
Leaves flat, shining, a span long. 
Willowy Oleander. Tree. 
+ A doubiful species. 
5 N.? reticuna TUM (Willd. herb, ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 
4. p. 797.) leaves elliptic, mucronate, reticulated, stem scan- 
dent. h. S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps a species 
of Wrightia. 
Reticulated-leaved Oleander. 
Cult. All the species of Oleander are very showy when in 
blossom. They thrive well in a light rich soil; and cuttings 
strike root freely in any kind of soil, if kept moist ; or by placing 
the ends of them in water. All require a good deal of heat, to 
flower freely in this country. 
Herm. lugdb. 
Shrub 6- 
Cit. 1817. 
Shrub cl. 
XXIII. STROPHA'NTHUS (from erpo$oc, strophos, a 
twisted thong; and av0oc, anthos, a flower; segments of corolla 
long, narrow, and twisted.) D. C. in bull. d. soc. philom. no. 
64. p. 123. t. 8. f. 1. Desf. ann. mus. 1. p. 410. t. 27. R. Br. 
in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 72. — Echites species, Lin. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 13. 
a.) Corolla funnel-shaped; throat crowned by 10 undivided 
scales; segments of the limb ending in a long tail each (f. 13. e.) 
Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube; anthers sagittate, 
awned (f. 13. c. d.) or mucronate. Ovaria 2. Style 1, filiform, 
dilated at the apex; stigma sub-cylindrical. Hypogynous scales 
5. Follicles ovate, acuminated, many-seeded. — Sarmentose 
shrubs, with opposite leaves. 
§ 1. Anthers glabrous, drawn out into a thread (f. 18. c.) 
1 S. sarmentosus (D. C. bull. philomat. no. 64. p. 123. t. 8. 
f. 1. Desf. ann. mus. 1. p. 410. t. 27.) glabrous, sarmentose ; 
flowers glomerate, terminal and lateral, rising with the leaves ; 
corollas sub-campanulate. hk. S. Native of Sierra Leone, 
