APOCYNE/E. XXXVI. CoworHanYNGIA. 
many-seeded. Seeds form of those of the grape, attached to 
a slender central column.—Glabrous shrubs or trees, with oppo- 
site leaves, and terminal corymbs of flowers. Juice caustic, milky. 
1 C. reru'sa; leaves ovate-wedge-shaped, retuse ; corymbs 
compound, pedunculate. h. S. Native of Madagascar, Isle 
of France, &c. Plumiéra retusa, Lam. dict. 2. p. 542. no. 5. 
Bois de lait. Leaves smooth above and nerved beneath, 6 inches 
long and 3 broad; petioles very short, stem-clasping. Scales 
small, acute, under the pedicels in the corymb. Flowers form 
and scent of jasmine. 
Retuse-leaved Conopharyngia. Shrub or tree. 
2 C. LONGIFÒLIA ; leaves oblong-narrow, flat; corymbs pa- 
nicled, nearly sessile. h. S. Native of Madagascar. Plu- 
miéra longifolia, Lam. dict. 2. p. 542. Leaves a foot long, on 
short, thick, stem-clasping petioles, keeled; without any manifest 
nerves. Under each division of the corymbs are 2 opposite, 
concave acute scales; ulterior peduncles of the corymb 3- 
flowered; the 2 lateral flowers pedicellate and the middle one 
sessile. Calycine segments concave, roundish. 
Long-leaved Conopharyngia. Clt. 1819. Shrub, 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Plumiera, p. 94. 
XXXVII. VI'NCA (from vinco, to conquer; because the 
species subdue other plants by their creeping roots, or bind them 
by their runners) Lin. gen. no. 295. Juss. 144.—Pervínca, 
Tourn. t. 45. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Monogiynia. Calyx 5-cleft; seg- 
ments linear or subulate, acute. Corolla salver-shaped ; tube 
longer than the calyx ; throat bearded; segments of the limb 
flat, oblique, truncate at the apex. Stamens 5, inserted in the 
throat, inclosed ; filaments short; anthers ending each in a hairy 
membrane at apex, which connive over the stigma; stigma 
bearded, seated on a flat orbicular disk, which is grooved round 
the circumference. Glands 2, alternating with the ovaria; gla- 
brous as wellas them.  Follicles 2, erect, terete, narrow, dehis- 
cing lengthwise, few-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Seeds cylin- 
drical, naked.—Creeping, suffruticose, or herbaceous plants. 
Leaves smooth, shining, opposite. Flowers axillary, solitary, 
` alternate, pedunculate, blue, purple, and white. 
1 V. minor (Lin. spec. 304.) stems procumbent ; leaves ellip- 
tic-lanceolate, glabrous; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, 
bluntish ; segments of corolla broadish at top. bh. H. Na- 
tive of Europe, as of Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy, 
&c. In Britain it has been found in many places, in hedges 
and woods, in rather damp situations. Smith, engl. bot. t. 917. 
Curt. lond. 3. t. 16. Plenck, icon. t. 113. Blackw. t. 59. 
Pervínca minor, Scop. carn. no. 273.—Pervínca vulgaris, Park. 
threatr. 381. f. 1. Clematis daphnoides, Dodon. pempt. 401. 
Flowering stems usually erect. Flowers void of scent. Co- 
rolla blue; with white throat, varying to purple and white, of 
a smaller size than those of V. major. This species varies 
much in the colour of the flowers; they are also sometimes 
double; and the foliage is sometimes variegated, either with 
white or yellow stripes. 
Lesser Periwinkle. Fl. Mar. Sept. Brit. Pl. creeping. 
2 V. ma‘sor (Lin. spec. p. 304.) stems erectish; leaves 
ovate, acute, ciliated; calycine teeth linear-subulate, ciliated, 
usually with a small tooth on each side at the base; segments of 
corolla broad, obovate. h.H. Native of Europe, as of France, 
Spain, Italy, Switzerland, &c. With us it is more common than 
V. minor, in moist woods and hedges; but these are probably 
both escapes from gardens. Smith, engl. bot. t. 514. Curt. 
lond. 4. t. 19.  Pleríck, icon. t. 114. Vínca média, Delile. Per- 
vínca major, Scop. carn. no. 274.—Garid. aix. t. 81.— Lob. icon. 
t.636. "This species is larger in all its parts than the preceding. 
Corollas fine purplish blue. Flowering stems erect; barren ones 
creeping. There is a variety of this with variegated leaves. 
XXXVII. Vinca. XXXVIII. CarHARANTHUS. 
95 
England. Sh. 2 feet. 
FIG. 13. 
Greater Periwinkle. Fl. Mar. Sept. 
3 V. nrnRBA'cEA (Waldst. et 
Kit. pl. rar. hung. 1. p. 8. t. 9. 
Hook, bot. mag. 2002.) stems 
herbaceous, procumbent, root- 
ing; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 
minutely ciliated on the edges 
while young ; calycine segments 
linear-subulate, acute, glabrous ; 
segments of corolla lanceolate, 
faleate. 24. H. Native of Hun- 
gary, in open, chalky, sandy 
hills. Flowers purplish blue. 
A most elegant plant when in 
blossom. 
Herbaceous Periwinkle. 
June, July. Clt. 1816. 
creeping. 
Cult. As these plants delight to grow under the cover of 
trees and bushes, they may be made ornamental, if they are 
Fi. 
PI. 
_ planted in shrubberies, where they will spread and cover the 
ground; and as their leaves continue green all the year, they 
will have a good effect in winter, and their elegant and delicate 
flowers appearing a great part of summer will add to the variety. 
They are easily increased by separating the rooted trailing 
shoots. 
XXXVIII. CATHARA'NTHUS (from xa0apoc, katharos, 
pure, and a»0oc, anthos, a flower ; in reference to the neatness 
and beauty of the flowers).— Vínca species, Lin. 
Lis. syst.  Pentándria, Monoginia. Calyx 5-parted; seg- 
ments subulate. Corolla salver-shaped ; segments nearly equal 
sided, obovate, mucronate; throat bearded ; tube long, slender, 
clavate at top with 5 tubercles. Stamens inclosed, conniving 
over the stigma. Anthers mucronate, not membranous at top, 
sessile. Stigma capitate, marginate, bearded at top, and fur- 
nished with a cup-shaped membrane below, which sheaths the 
upper part of the style. Hypogynous glands 2, elongated like 
the ovaria.  Follicles twin, small, terete, glabrous, 2-celled, 
dehiscing inside ; dissepiment double, taking its rise from the 
suture, which is plaited inwards. Seeds 16-20 in each follicle, 
attached longitudinally to each side of the dissepiment, small, 
ovate-acuminated above, grooved and rugged from sharp tuber- 
cles on one side, and smooth on the other side. Albumen fleshy. 
—Small shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite, evergreen, cori- 
aceous. Flowers elegant, axillary, solitary, or twin. 
1 C.nósEUs ; downy; branches terete ; leaves elliptic, obtuse, 
mucronate ; petioles bidentate or bistipulate at the base ; flowers 
axillary, solitary, or twin, sessile. h.S. Native every where 
within the tropics, but probably originally from Madagascar. 
Vinca rosea, Lin. spec. 305. Mill. fig. t. 186. Curt. bot. 
mag. 248. Geertn. fruct. 2. p. 172. t. 117. f. 5. Flowers 
bright crimson, or peach or rose-coloured, paler on the under 
side, with a dark purple eye. Calycine segments ciliated. 
Var. a, róseus ; flowers rose-coloured. 
Var. B, albus; flowers white. 
Var. y, occellàtus ; flowers white, with a purple circle. 
Var. ò, villósus; leaves villous, rounded at top, mucronate. 
Vinca rosea, Poir. dict. 5. p. 199. 
Rose-coloured-flowered Catharanthus. 
1726. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. 
2 C. rusirLus; stem herbaceous, quadrangular, much branched ; 
leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous ; furnished with 
opposite stipulas at the base; flowers twin or solitary, axillary, 
pedunculate. ©. S. Native of Tranquebar. Vinca pusilla, 
Lin. suppl. 166. syst. 252. Murr. comm. goett. 1772. p. 66. 
t. 2.f. 1. Vinca parviflora, Retz. obs. 2. p. 14. no. 33. Ait. 
Fl. Feb. Oct. Cit. 
