104 
LX. CARI'SSA (Krishna-pakphula is the Sanscrit name of 
C. Carándas, and Oorissa is that of C. diffüsa). Lin. syst. 
251. Schreb. gen. 413. Juss. gen. 149. R. Br. prod. 
468. 
Lin. syst. Penténdria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. 
Corolla funnel-shaped; limb 5-parted; throat naked. Sta- 
mens 5, inclosed. Ovarium 2-celled; cells few-seeded. Style 
filiform; stigma dilated from the base, bifid. Berry 2-celled ; 
cells 1 or few-seeded. Seeds peltate. Embryo inverted.— 
Shrubs. Leaves opposite, furnished with intrapetiolar bristles. 
Peduncles axillary and terminal, many-flowered, every where 
becoming sterile and spinescent. Flowers white. 
* Species natives of New Holland. 
1 C. ovara (R. Br. prod. p. 468.) shrub spiny, erect ; 
branches brachiate ; branchlets scabrous ; leaves broad-elliptic, 
acute, mucronate, glabrous, with rather branched veins ; spines 
straight, divaricate, 3 times shorter than the leaves. h. S. 
Native of New Holland, within the tropic. 
Ovate-leaved Carissa. Fl. June. Nov. Clt. 1819. Shrub. 
9 C. scà'BRA(R. Br. l.c.) shrub spiny, diffuse ; leaves ovate, 
mucronate, scabrous on both surfaces. h.S. Native of New 
Holland, within the tropic. 
Scabrous Carissa. Shrub diffuse. 
3 C. raxcEoLA' TA (R. Br. 1. c.) spiny ; leaves narrow-lanceo- 
late; segments of corolla lanceolate-subulate. h.S. Native 
of New Holland, within the tropic. There are 2 varieties of 
this species; the one glabrous, with smooth branches ; and the 
other having the branchlets and leaves here and there downy. 
Lanceolate-leaved Carissa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Sh. 
* * Species natives of the East Indies. 
4 C. Cana'wpas (Lin. mant. p. 52.) subarboreous; leaves ovate, 
mucronate, or elliptie, obtuse, glabrous; spines often 2-forked ; 
corymbs terminal and axillary, few-flowered ; cells of fruit 4- 
seeded. h. S. Native of the East Indies, in wild, woody, 
dry, uncultivated places. Lam. ill. t. 118. f. 1. ann. mus. 8. 
t. 32. f. 2, Roxb. cor. 1, p. 55. t. 77. Lodd. bot. cab. 663. 
Cápparis Carándas, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 806. Echites spindsa, 
Burm. ind. p. 69. Carándas, Rumph. amb. 7. p. 57. t. 25.— 
Plukn. alm. p. 235. t. 305. f. 4. Branches dichotomous. Spines 
always in pairs at the divisions of the branches, and at every 
other pair of leaves, often forked. Peduncles terminal, usually 
twin. Flowers milky-white, jasmine-like. Berry size of a 
small plum, when ripe of a shining black. The Carandas makes 
exceedingly strong fences ; the number and the strength of their 
thorns render them almost impassable. The fruit, just before 
ripe, is employed to make tarts and preserves of various kinds, 
also to pickle, and by most people reckoned superior for these 
uses to every other fruit in the country, not even the mango 
excepted. They are universally eaten by the natives, when 
ripe, and are tolerably pleasant to the taste even of an Euro- 
pean. 
: Carandas Carissa. Fl. July. Clt. 1790. Tree 15 to 20 ft. 
5 C. pirru'sa (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 524.) shrub diffuse, spiny, 
with dichotomous branches; leaves almost sessile, roundish- 
ovate, cordate, mucronate, polished ; corymbs terminal, rarely 
axillary, many-flowered ; cells of berry 2-seeded. h.S. Na- 
tive of the East Indies, in the Ganjan district, and from thence 
northward to the mouth of the Hoogly. Spines as in Carándas, 
simple bifid or twice bifid. Mucrone of leaves recurved. 
Flowers pure white. Berries black when ripe, size of a French 
bean. 
Diffuse Carissa. Shrub diffuse. 
6 C. uacRoPHY'LLA (Wall. cat. no. 1679.) leaves ovate, acu- 
APOCYNEX. 
LX. Carissa. 
minated, glabrous, shining; spines short, hooked; flowers ter- 
minal and axillary, corymbose. h. S. Native of the East 
Indies. C. mitis, Herb. Heyne, but hardly of Vahl. Leaves 
3 inches long and 14 broad at the base. 
Large-leaved Carissa. Shrub or tree. 
7 C. vinrósa (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 525.) shrub downy, tender 
parts villous; leaves from broad-lanceolate to oblong, acute, 
soft from down, particularly while young; flowers terminal, 
by threes or sevens; cells of fruit 2-seeded. h. S. Native 
ot the East Indies. C. hirsùta, Heyne ex Roth. spec. 128. 
Branchlets dichotomous. Spines strong and very sharp, less 
frequently compound than in the 2 preceding species. Corolla 
small, white, with a curved tube, and linear-lanceolate, acute 
segments. Berries round, the sizé of a pea, blackish purple. 
Bark of the woody part of the plant spongy. 
Villous Carissa. Shrub. 
8 C. saríciNA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 554.) shrub spiny; leaves 
lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, veiny, narrower towards the pe- 
tioles; flowers in sub-corymbose fascicles. 5. S. Native of 
the East Indies. Spines strong, straight, simple. Perhaps 
only a variety of C. Cardndas, with narrower leaves. 
Willowy-leaved Carissa. Shrub or small tree. 
9 C. serwA'RuM (Lin. syst. 251. mant. 559.) shrub spiny ; 
leaves ovate, acute, veiny, shining; peduncles terminal, 4-5- 
flowered ; segments of corolla lanceolate; cells of berry 2- 
seeded. h.S. Native of the East Indies and Japan. Lam. 
ill. t. 118. f. 2.  Lodd. bot. cab. 162. Thunb. jap. 108. 
Branches dichotomous. Spines 2 at each ramification, opposite, 
the one above the branch and the other below it, red at top and 
shining, as in C. Carándas. Leaves small. Teeth of calyx 
subulate. Corolla white, with lanceolate-oblong segments. 
Berry black, size of a pea. 
Spiny Carissa. Fl. Aug. Dec. Clt. 1809. Tree. 
10 C. AxirnaA'nuis (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 526.) shrub armed 
with simple, opposite, recurved spines ; leaves oblong, on short 
petioles ; corymbs pedunculate, axillary, many-flowered. R.S. 
Native of the Moluccas. Flowers white. 
Axillary-flowered Carissa. Shrub. 
11 C. ixz/nuis (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 43.) shrub without spines ; 
leaves ovate, cordate, mucronate, veinless; peduncles terminal, 
tern; calycine segments setaceous. h.S. Native of the East 
Indies. Like C. spindrum, but differs in the leaves being 3 
times the size, in the flowers being larger, and in the absence of 
spines. 
Unarmed Carissa. Shrub. 
* * * Species natives of Africa and its islands. 
12 C. Anpvixa (Lam. dict. 1. p. 555.) shrub spiny; leaves 
cordate-ovate, mucronate, nearly sessile; flowers terminal, co- 
rymbose ; cells of berry 1-seeded. h.G. Native of the Cape of 
Good Hope. Arduina bispinósa, Lin. mant. p. 552. Lodd. bot. 
cab. t. 387. Lycium cordàtum, Mill. dict. no. 10. fig. p. 200. 
t. 200. Spines twin, simple, but usually bifid; in this last case 
one of the clefts points downwards and the other upwards. 
Leaves dark green, larger than those of box. Flowers white, 
small, sweet-scented. Berry red. 
Arduini’s Carissa. Fl. March, Aug. 
3 to 5 feet. 
13 C. epu'rts (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 22.) shrub spiny ; branches 
villous at top; leaves ovate, acute, veinless; almost sessile ; 
peduncles terminal, twin, or sometimes by threes ; calycine seg- 
ments subulate, ciliated; segments of corolla lanceolate-linear ; 
cells of berry 1-seeded. ĻŅ.S. Native of Arabia Felix, and of 
Cit. 1760. Shrub 
Abyssinia. Anttra, Forsk, desc. p. 63. Antura Hadiénsis, 
Gmel. syst. veg. 403.  Spines strong, red at top.  Berries 
edible. 
