ASCLEPIADEZE. XXXVI. CowcuornyrrivM. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Digynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed. 
Corolla sub-globose, with a bearded throat; segments of the 
limb short. Stamineous crown, inclosed, 5-angled, inappendi- 
culate outside. Anthers terminated by a membrane; pollen 
masses erect, fixed by the base. Stigma mutic.  Follicles 
smooth. Seeds comose.—Herbs rooting on trees. Leaves 
opposite, somewhat imbricate, fleshy, roundish-cordate, emargi- 
nate, of a different colour beneath, convex and rather wrinkled 
above, and veinless beneath. Umbellules twin, pedunculate, 
interpetiolar. 
1 C. merica‘tum (Blum. bijdr. p. 1061.) k. S. Native 
of the island of Nusze-Kambanga, on the sea-shore. Dischidia ? 
Collyris, Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 36.—Colly'ris major, Vahl, in 
act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 6. p. 111.—Rumph. amb. 5. t. 175. f. 
3. bad. 
Imbricated-leaved Conchophyllum. | Fl. Nov. Pl. creeping. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Dischidia, p. 134. 
XXXVII. GYMNEMA (from yupvoc, gymnos, naked ; and 
vynpa, nema, a filament; the stamineous corona being absent, 
the filaments are left naked.) R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 
33. prod. p. 461. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Monogy’nia. Corolla sub-urceolate, 
5-cleft; throat usually crowned by 5 scales, or teeth, inserted in 
the recesses between the segments of the corolla. Stamineous 
corona wanting. Anthers terminated by a membrane; pollen 
masses erect, fixed by the base. Follicles smooth. Seeds 
comose, generally marginate.—Usually twining shrubs, natives of 
the East Indies ; tropical parts of New Holland, and Equinoxial 
Africa. Leaves opposite, membranous, flat. Umbels interpe- 
tiolar, cymose. In the greater number of the species, the sta- 
mens are not usually naked, but are furnished with a gland-like 
body, or fleshy tuft, at the base of each filament. 
* $ 1. Tube of corolla pilose inside; throat crowned by 5 decur- 
rent Loothlets or scales. 
1 G. tacrirerum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 57. ex R. Br. 
l. c.) glabrous; stem erect, or twining a little, simple; leaves 
on short petioles, ovate, bluntly acuminated, usually unequal- 
sided; umbels many-flowered, shorter than the petioles; throat 
of small corolla crowned by 5 fleshy tubercles; tube furnished 
with double pilose lines, running from the tubercles. h, S. 
Native of Ceylon. Asclépias lactífera, Lin. spec. 314. fl. zeyl. 
111.—Burm. zeyl. p. 24. The milk of the plant is substituted 
for cow's milk, where that is scarce; and the leaves are boiled 
with food, ex Burm. Very nearly allied to G. sylvéstre. 
Milk-bearing Gymnema. Shrub. 
2 G. sytve'stre (R. Br. prod. l. c.) twining; clothed with 
soft down in every part except the upper surfaces of the leaves ; 
leaves from oval, attenuated at the base and apex, to ovate or 
cordate, acute; peduncles equal in length to the petioles; um- 
bels twin, sub-capitate, many-flowered; flowers small; stigma 
bluntly conical, much longer than the stamens ; follicles slender, 
attenuated, glabrous. h. ^. S. Native of the Peninsula of 
India, frequent in China and Ceylon. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. 
ind. bot. p. 44. G. parviflórum, Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50. 
Períploca sylvéstris, Wilid. spec. 1. p. 1252. phyt. 1. p. 7. t. 5. 
f. 3. Asclépias geminata, Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 45. Segments 
of corolla ovate, acute. Scales in the throat long and thick. 
Hypogynous scales linear, obtuse, covering the genitals. 
Wild Gymnema. Shrub tw. 
3 G. cGemina‘rum (R. Br. prod. p. 462.) leaves ovate, 
smoothish; branchlets downy ; peduncles shorter than the pe- 
tioles ; umbels twin; corolla with a crowned throat, and pilose 
tube. h.%.S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic, on 
the sea-shore. 
Twin-umbelled Gymnema. Shrub tw. 
XXXVII. Gymnema. 135 
4 G. uirsu'tum (Wight, and Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 44.) 
twining, much branched; young branches, and under surfaces 
of leaves clothed with hairy tomentum; leaves downy above, 
from broad-ovate to narrow-oblong, acuminated; peduncles 
shorter than the petioles; umbels sub-capitate ; flowers small. 
5.^.G. Native of the Neelgherry mountains. Wight, cat. 
no. 1531. Wall. ascl. no. 70. This may eventually prove a 
variety of G. lactiferum. 
Hairy Gymnema. Shrub tw. 
5 G. wórrLE (Wall. ascl. no. 72. b. 145. 151. Wight, and 
Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45.) twining; young branches 
clothed with soft pubescence; leaves from broad-cordate to 
ovate, acuminated, clothed with soft down beneath, smoothish 
above; umbels capitate, almost sessile; flowers small; stigma 
truncate, hardly higher than the stamina; follicles short, broad 
at the base, and gradually tapering to the apex, velvety. 
^v S. Native of the Burman Empire, on the banks of the 
Irrawaddi. 
Soft Gymnema. Shrub tw. 
6 G. acumina‘rum (Wall. tent. fl. nep. p. 50.) twining; bark 
of stem corky ; young branches rather tomentose ; leaves oval- 
oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, and tomentose beneath, at 
length almost naked; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; um- 
bels sub-capitate; flowers small; scales of the throat exserted, 
one half shorter than the segments; follicles thick at the 
base, conical, short, woody, coriaceous, at length glabrous, 2 inches 
long, and 6-8 lines thick at the base; seeds large, surrounded 
by a membranous wing. kh. ^. S. Native of Chittagong, 
Silhet, Tavoy, and Maulmyne. Asclépias acuminata, Roxb. fl. 
ind. 2. p. 55. Cynanchum acuminàtum, Ham. herb. The 
specimens from Tavoy are more glabrous than the others. 
Acuminated-leaved Gymnema. Shrub tw. 
7 G. rammróLiuw (Wall. asclep. no. 68. 144. Wight, and 
Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45.) twining;? young branches 
densely downy ; leaves broad-oval, acuminated, sparingly pilose 
on both surfaces, parallelly veined ; umbels shorter than the pe- 
tioles, cyme-formed, many-flowered; flowers small; scales of 
throat inclosed ; follicles rather slender, acuminated, warted, 3 
inches long, and 2 lines thick at the base. kh. ©.? S. Native 
of Tavoy, Silhet, Saluen, and the Peninsula of India. Leaves 
4-6 inches long, and 3 broad. 
Broad-leaved Gymnema. Shrub tw. 
8 G. cra‘srum (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 45.) twining, gla- 
brous; leaves ovate or cordate, acuminated, parallelly veined ; 
follicles large, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, ligneo-coriaceous, 
glabrous, 4 inches long, and 6 lines thick in the middle. h.%. 
S. Native of the East Indies. Wall. ascl. no. 150, without a 
name. Very nearly allied to the preceding, but quite distinct. 
Glabrous Gymnema. Shrub tw. 
§ 2. Throat of corolla furnished with 5 decurrent, pilose lines. 
—The plants of this section have larger flowers than those of 
the last ; and, owing to the pedicels being longer, the umbels 
are larger, though fewer-flowered. 
9 G. r’trcans (Wight, et Arnott, contrib. ind. bot. p. 46.) 
twining; branches slender, glabrous, woody: the older ones 
rather warted ; leaves cordate-ovate or oval-acuminated, with 
undulated edges ; umbels on short peduncles, but not spirally 
elongated at length, as in the following species; pedicels about 
equal in length to the peduncles; flowers small; throat of co- 
rolla furnished with 5 pilose lines inside; stigma obtuse, longer 
than the stamens; follicles usually solitary, acuminated, white, 
3 inches long, and 3-4 lines thick ; seeds marginate. h. ^. S. 
Native of the mountains of Dindygul, Salem, and Columala, 
also of Segaen.— Wight, cat. no. 1524. Wall. ascl. no. 67, 155, 
unnamed. Flowers white. 
Elegant Gymnema. Shrub tw. 
as. 
