150 
LXII. CYNA'NCHUM (from kvor kvvoc, kyon kynos, a dog ; 
and ayxw, ancho, to strangle; poisonous effects of some species.) 
R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 43. Wight, and Arnott, contrib. 
ind. bot. p. 55. Cynanchum species, Lin. and others. 
Lin. syst. — Pentándria, Digynia. Corolla sub-rotate, 5- 
parted. Stamineous corona, 5-20-lobed; when only 5-lobed, 
the lobes are opposite the anthers. Anthers terminated by a 
membrane. Pollen masses ventricose, pendulous. Stigma usu- 
ally apiculated, but sometimes mutic, rarely rostrate. — Follicles 
smooth. Seeds comose.— Herbs or sub-shrubs, for the most 
part twining. Leaves opposite. Umbels interpetiolar. 
$ 1. Stamineous corona tubular, with a 5-10 cleft border, in- 
closing the gynostegium ; the 5 inner segments opposite, and. 
parallel with the anthers and exterior lobes. Pollen masses 
inserted beneath their apexes. Follicles cylindrical, much 
divaricate.— Stems twining. Leaves cordate. 
1 C. Darnóusre (Wight, contrib. ind. bot. p. 55.) twining, 
smoothish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated, broadest at the 
base, cordate, pale beneath, and marked with brown veins; 
umbels few-flowered ; pedicels longer than the peduncles; seg- 
ments of corolla oval, obtuse; corona equal in length to the co- 
rolla, 10-lobed: alternate lobes the smallest: the inner seg- 
ments small, obtuse, tooth-formed ; stigma sub-apiculated, un- 
divided. h.%. H. Native at Simla, Countess of Dalhousie ; 
Mussorie, Royle. Leaves 4-6 inches long, and 4-12 lines broad 
at the base. 
Countess of Dalhousie’s Cynanchum. Shrub tw. 
2 C. acu‘tum (Lin. spec. p. 310., exclusive of the synonymes. 
R. Br. mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 44.) herbaceous twining, glabrous ; 
leaves oblong, ovate-cordate, acute ; segments of corolla oblong, 
obtuse; stigma apiculated, semi-bifid ; follicles cylindrical, diva- 
ricate. 21. H. Native of Italy, Spain, Tauria, Astrachan, &c. 
Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 177. Jacq. misc. 1. p. 16. t. 1. Schkuhr. 
handb. 1. p. 166. t. 54. C. Monspeliacum, Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 
411. C. Monspeliacum, B, Lam. dict. 1. p. 235. C. Sibiricum, 
Willd. act. nov. am. N. C. berol. 1799. t. 6. f. 2. Pers. 1. p. 
273.—Tourn. inst. 93.—Clus. hist. 125.— Trew. ehrh. 44. t. 
82. Flowers white. 
Acute-leaved Cynanchum. FI. July. Clt. 1596. Pl. tw. 
$ C. runE'scews (Bunge, in mem. acad. petersb. 2. p. 118.) 
corona double; outer one 10-cleft, having the alternate segments 
acute, ovate; the rest filiform and elongated; inner corona 5- 
cleft, with shorter, filiform segments; segments of corolla linear, 
obtuse; leaves cordate, acute, downy ; stems herbaceous, twin- 
ing. ). ^^. F. Native of China, in hedges. Flowers minute, 
white. Nearly allied to C. acàtum. 
Donny Cynanchum. Pl. twining. 
4 C. excer’tsum (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 212.) herbaceous, twining, 
glabrous; leaves cordate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous; follicles 
long, narrow, flattish, very acute. 2t. ^. H. Native of Barbary, 
on the shore about Tozzer. Leaves like those of C. acütum, 1-2 
inches long. 
Tall Cynanchum. FI. July. Clt. 1816. Pl. tw. 
5 C. Mossrzriacum (Lin. spec. p. 311., exclusive of the sy- 
nonymes. R. Br. l. c.) herbaceous, twining, glabrous ; leaves 
reniform, coarctate at top, and semi-lanceolate ; segments of 
corolla lanceolate, bluntish ; stigma apiculated, semi-bifid ; folli- 
cles cylindrical. 2/7. C. H. Native of Italy, south of France, 
Spain, and Greece, by the sea side. Cav. icon. l. p. 44. t. 
60. Jacq. coll. 4. p. 106. icon. 2. t. 340. St. Hil. 35. t. 6.— 
Tourn. inst. 93,—Clus. hist. 1. p. 126. Flowers white, but 
flesh-coloured, according to Jacquin. 
Montpelier Cynanchum. FI. Aug. Sept. 
twining. 
6 C. LoNcerrFóLIUM (Martens, ex Spreng, syst. add. p. 110.) 
Clt. 1596. Shrub 
ASCLEPIADE/E. LXII. Cynancnum. 
herbaceous, twining ; leaves cordate, acuminated, nerved ; seg- 
ments of corolla acute; exterior corona 10-leaved: the 5 alter- 
nate lobes lanceolate, acute, and the other 5 sub-crenated and 
obtuse. U.H. Native about Venice. 
Long-leaved Cynanchum. — Pl. twining. 
7 C. Curne’nse (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 44.) herba- 
ceous, twining, glabrous?; leaves ovate-cordate, with a short 
aeumen; segments of the corolla linear, acute, compressedly 
filiform, entire. 27. ^. H. Native of China, in the province of 
Peckley, Sir G. Staunton. Stigma ending in semi-bifid point. 
Follicles cylindrical. 
Chinese Cynanchum. — Pl. twining. 
8 C. Brrosrra‘tum (Hook. and Arn. in Beech. voy. pt. bot. 
p. 35.) leaves narrow, cordately-sagittate, with oblong-obtuse 
lobes, sub-coriaceous, glabrous; umbels many-flowered ; pedi- 
cels and calyxes downy ; tube of corolla urceolate; segments of 
the limb lanceolate, downy outside; stamineous corona simple, 
of 5 bifid segments ; stigma long-beaked, deeply bifid. ^.^. 
F. Native of Chili, about Conception. Flowers white. Leaves 
resembling those of C. actitum. 
Birostrate Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 
§ 2. Stamineous corona tubular, with a 5-10-cleft border, inclosing 
the gynostegium ; the 5 inner keels simple, or drawn out into 
segments. Pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes. — Follicles 
ventricose, angular, spreading. Stems tmining. Leaves cor- 
date, rounded or acute at the base. 
9 C. cornymBosum (Wight, l. c. p. 56.) twining, glabrous ; 
leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, glaucous beneath; corymbs 
longer than the petioles, many-flowered ; corona equal in length 
to the corolla, 10-cleft, with the alternate lobes smaller, and the 
inner carine simple; pollen masses fixed beneath their apexes ; 
stigma apiculated, bifid. h.%.S. Native of Silhet. Cynan- 
chum, Wall. ascl. no. 81. 
Corymbose-flowered Cynanchum. Shrub tw. 
10 C. eepuncuta‘rum (R. Br. in mem. wern. soc. 1. p. 97. prod. 
p. 463.) twining ; common peduncles longer than the leaves; 
leaves cordate, smoothish ; axils 2-leaved; inner carinae of the 
corona drawn out into segments ; stigma apiculated, emarginate. 
h. ©. G. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. C. 
Browniànum, Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 97. 
Pedunculate Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 
11 C. FLoripu’Nvum (R. Br. l. c.) twining ; common peduncles 
shorter than the leaves; leaves cordate, acuminated, quite gla- 
brous ; axils without leaves; inner keels of the corona drawn out 
into segments ; stigma apiculated, emarginate. 5 .^.G. Na- 
tive of New Holland, without the tropic. 
Dundle-flowered Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 
12 C. erupe'scens (R. Br. l. c.) twining ; common peduncles 
about equal in length to the petioles; leaves cordate, acute; 
axils usually 2-leaved ; branchlets and flowers clothed with fine 
down outside; inner carina of the 10-cleft corona shorter than 
the corolla, simple. b.^. G. Native of New Holland, within 
the tropic. 
Reddish Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 
13 C. Bonpranpra‘num (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 98.) 
twining; branches marked by a downy line; leaves lanceolate, 
acuminated, glabrous, membranous ; umbels almost sessile; ca- 
lyxes downy; corona 10-lobed: the alternate lobes the longest, 
and alternating with the segments of the corolla: stigma conical, 
convex, emarginate. h.%™.S. Native of New Andalusia. C. 
Janceolatum, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 203. 
Flowers minute, white. Corolla rotate, with ovate-acute seg- 
ments. 
Bonpland's Cynanchum. Shrub twining. 
14 C. Montevipe’nse (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 851.) herbaceous, 
twining ; leaves cordate-oblong and lanceolate, acute, and are, as 
