SPIGELIACEZ. 
whorl; spikes solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped: stamens inclosed, 
twice shorter than the corolla; cocce glabrous. 2. H. Na- 
tive of New Granada, near Guaduas, in temperate places. Stem 
sub-tetragonal. Leaves 3-4 inches long. Calycine segments 
linear-subulate, with hispid edges: 
Hamellia-like Worm-grass. | Pl. 1 foot. ? 
11 S. egpuNcuLA TA (Willd. mss. ex Roem. et Schultes, syst. 
4.p. 787. H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) herbaceous, glabrous ; stem 
nearly simple; leaves oblong, long-acuminated, rather scabrous 
on the margins, upper ones usually 4 in a whorl; spikes solitary, 
on long peduncles ; stamens equal in length to the corolla; co- 
rolla funnel-shaped ; coccze glabrous. Y%. S. Native on the 
declivities of the Andes, about Quindiu, near El Moral. Stems 
nearly terete. Calycine segments linear-lanceolate, with hispid 
edges. Corolla purple. 
Peduncled-spiked Worm-grass. Pl. 14 foot. 
12 S. speciòsa (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 186. t. 224.) herba- 
ceous ; stems simple, tetragonal, downy; leaves opposite, 
roundish, acute, sessile, glabrous, but downy on the veins be- 
neath, and ciliated on the margins; spikes terminal, sessile, 
solitary ; corolla funnel-shaped ; stamens exserted. %. S. 
Native near the city of Mexico. Root tuberous. Veins of 
leaves purplish. Corolla large, flesh-coloured; with a green, 
revolute limb. 
Showy Worm-grass. Fl. April. Pl. 1i foot. 
13 S. ManvrA'mpicA (Lin. syst. 197. mant. 2. p. 330.) 
herbaceous; stems simple, tetragonal, scabrous: leaves oppo- 
site, sessile, oval-lanceolate, glabrous; spikes solitary; corolla 
funnel-shaped; stamens inclosed; cocce glabrous.? %. H. 
Native of Virginia, Maryland, Carolina, Georgia, &c. on the 
edges of woods, in rich moist soil; and on the banks of the 
Arkansas, in the forests near the first cliffs. Michx. fl. bor. 
amer. l. p. 148. Pursh, 1. p. 139. Curt. bot. mag. t. 80. 
Lodd. bot. cab. 930. Stev. et Church. med. bot. 1. t. 7. 
Plench,t. 89. Heyne, term. bot. t. 44. f. 5. Garden and Hope, 
act. edinb. 3. 1771. p. 145-153. t. 1. Lonicéra Marylándica, 
Lin. spec. 2. p. 249.  Catesb. car. 2. t. 78.  Corollas scarlet 
outside and yellow inside. Calycine segments subulate. The 
roots are sold under the name of morm-grass or pink-root, ox 
Indian pink in the shops. This is a mucilaginous plant, with a 
mild and not disagreeable taste. The infusion and decoction 
of the root and leaves afford a flocculent precipitate with alco- 
hol. The plant was first used by the Cherokee Indians as an 
anthelmintic. Drs. Lining, Garden, and Chalmers first intro- 
duced it to notice; and their subsequent experience tended to 
confirm its utility. The root possesses the greatest activity, 
and is given in doses of from 10 grains, two or three times a 
day. Ifit proves purgative it is said to be most effective; and 
should it not, it must be combined with cathartics, which pre- 
vent the narcotic symptoms, such as stupor, head-ache, dilated 
pupil, flushings of the face, stiffness of the eyelids, that so fre- 
quently follow its administration. It is said to be most useful 
in lumbrica; and it is to its narcotic principle that Dr. Good 
attributes its vermifuge powers, which it possesses in common 
with Spigélia anthélmia. Notwithstanding all that has been 
said in its favour, its real anthelmintie properties are somewhat 
equivocal. The plant is called Unsteetla by the Cherokee Indians. 
Maryland Worm-grass. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1694. Pl. 4 
to 1 foot. 
§ 3. 
14 S. ANTHE/LMIA (Lin. amæn. 5. p. 133. t. 2.) herbaceous, 
roughish ; stems nearly terete, branched; leaves on short pe- 
tioles, ovate, long-acuminated, or oblong-acute: floral ones 4 
in a whorl; spikes aggregate; corollas funnel-shaped ; stamens 
inclosed; coccz  muricately scabrous. ©. S. Native of 
A'nnue. Annual plants. 
I. SPIGELIA: 
171 
Guiana, Cayenne, New Granada, Trinidad, and Brazil. In New 
Andalusia it is called Yerba de Lombrices. Sims, bot. mag. 
2359. Lam. ill. t. 107. Brown. jam. p. 156. t. 37. f. 3.— 
Plum. gen. p. 11. t. 31.—Plenck, off. t. 88.  Brazeel-Parrsis, 
Petiv. gaz. t. 59. f. 10.  Corollas pale red, small. 
II. Mrrreora. 
Anthelmintic Worm-grass. Fl. July. Clt. 1759. Pl. $ to 
1 foot. 
15 S. FrrMwwiNGiA NA (Schlecht, in Linnea, 1. p. 208. 
Mart. nov. gen. bras. 2. p. 130.) herbaceous, glabrous; stem 
and branches nearly terete; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 
acuminated at both ends: floral ones 4 in a whorl; spikes soli- 
tary, elongated, on short peduncles; corolla funnel-shaped; 
stamens inclosed; coccee smooth. ©. S. Native of Brazil, 
within the tropic. Very like S. anthélmia. 
Flemming’s Worm-grass. Pl. $ to 1 foot. 
16 S. rusínnA (Mart. l. c. p. 130.) herbaceous, downy ; 
branches procumbent, and are as well as the stem tetragonal ; 
leaves on short petioles, opposite, ovate, attenuated at the base, 
acutish ; flowers few, terminal, sessile ; corolla tubularly ven- 
tricose ; coccæ smooth. ©.8. Native of Brazil, in woods, 
near Sebastianople. Corollas white, suffused with red. Flowers 
2-3 together at the tops of the branches. 
Small Worm-grass. Pl. procumbent. 
‘ult. All the species of this genus are very showy while in 
blossom, and are therefore worth cultivating in every collection. 
The best soil for them is an equal mixture of loam and peat. 
Young cuttings of the shrubby and herbaceous perennial kinds 
root freely, planted in the same kind of soil, with a hand-glass 
placed over them. SS. Marylándica sometimes survives the 
winter when planted in the open ground, in a peat border. The 
annual kinds should be treated as other tender annuals. 
IIl. MITREOLA (a dim. of purpa, mitra, a mitre; form of 
capsule). Rich. in Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 148. R. Br. 
prod. p. 450.— Cynóctonum, Gmel. syst. 443,— Anónymos, 
Walt. fl. car. 108. Ophiorhiza spec. Lin. Michx. 
Lin. syst. — Pentándria, Monogy'nia. Calyx 5-parted, per- 
manent. Corolla urceolate or funnel-shaped ; having the tube 
much longer than the calyx ; a villous mouth; and ovate, acute 
segments. Stamens inclosed. Style articulated at the base? ; 
bifid at apex ; stigmas blunt. Capsule 2-lobed or of 2 cocce ; 
coccee or lobes diverging, dehiscing inside. Seeds numerous, 
angular, fixed to 2 elongated placentas, one in each cocce 
or cell.—Erect herbaceous plants, with opposite leaves; and 
terminal secund spikes of flowers. 
1 M.szssiLirOLIA (R. Br. prod. p. 450.) stem acutely tetra- 
gonal; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate; cymes on long pedun- 
cles; flowers unilateral. 2. H. Native of Lower Virginia 
and Carolina, in dry gravelly fields, by wood sides. Ophiorhiza, 
Mitréola, Lin. spec. 213. Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 148. 
Willd. spec. 1. p. 826. — Pursh, 1. p. 139. Lam. ill. t. 107. 
f. 1. Cynóctonum sessilifolium, Gmel. syst. 443. Anónymos 
sessilifolia, Walt. fl. car. p. 108. Flowers small, pale blue. 
Style bifid. Cynóctonum petiolàtum, Gmel. 1. c. the Anóny- 
mos petiolata, Walt. l. c. is probably a mere variety of this plant. 
Sessile-leaved Mitreola. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot. 
2 M. Swa’rrzu; glabrous; stem tetragonal, simple, or 
branched, terete at top; leaves on short petioles, acute, gla- 
brous; spikes terminal, slender, unilateral: flowers digynous, 
solitary in the forks. 2.8. Native of Jamaica. Ophiorhiza 
Mitréola, Swartz, obs. p. 59. t. 3. f. 2. exclusive of the syno- 
nymes. Flowers small, white, a little longer than the calyx. 
Styles 2. 
Swartz's Mitreola. Pl. 1 foot. 
3 M. PawicULA'TA (Wall. cat. no. 4349.) erect, paniculately 
branched ; stem and branches slightly tetragonal; leaves ovate, 
Zed, 
