GENTIANEJE. XIII. Envcara. 
5 of the lobes ovate, acute, and the 5 accessory ones roundish 
and very short; capsule cuneate-compressed, winged at top. 
C.H. Native of Nipaul. Gentiàna procümbeus, and G. ra- 
dicàta, Royle, mss. Plant tufted; stems filiform, leafy, pro- 
cumbent, 1-2 inches long. Flowers on short pedicels. Fila- 
ments subulate. Style short; stigmas semicylindrical, revolute. 
Capsule pedicellate: wings crested. 
Procumbent Erycala. | Pl. procumbent. 
37 E.carrrA rA (D. Don, mss.) stems simple, angular ; angles 
winged ; leaves ovate, petiolate, mucronulate, nerveless; flowers 
in dense terminal fascicles, sessile; calycine segments ovate, 
keeled, mucronate, recurved, with scarious edges; corolla 
funnel-shaped, 10-lobed : the 5 accessory lobes very short, and 
crenated: the other 5 ovate, mutic, capsule cuneated, crested 
at top. ©.H. Nativeof Nipaul. Gentianacapitata, D. Don, 
prod. fl. nep. p. 126. Gent. congésta and G. capitàta, Royle, mss. 
Roots fibry. Bracteas ovate, foliaceous, involucrating, sessile, 
mucronate. Flowers size of those of Eurythàlia campéstris ; pale 
blue. Filaments capillary. Stigmas semicylindrical, revolute. 
Capitate-flowered Erycala. PI. 1 foot. 
38 E. corona‘ra (D. Don, mss.) plant depressed, tufted, almost 
stemless ; leaves lanceolate, acute, obsoletely 3-nerved, sessile, 
spreading, with cartilaginous edges; flowers aggregate, sessile, 
involucrated by lanceolate bracteas; calycine teeth ovate, 
mucronate, with scarious edges; corolla tubular, 10-cleft, 
crowned by a fringed ring; segments nearly equal, ovate, mu- 
cronulate. ©. H. Native of the Himalaiah, Royle. Gentiàna 
coronata, Royle, mss. Roots filiform, branched. Bracteas con- 
nate at the base, membranous. Corolla longer than the calyx. 
Filaments subulate. Anthers oblong. Ovarium sessile. Style 
elongated. Stigmas semicylindrical, revolute. 
Cronned-flowered Erycala. Pl. 1 inch, tufted. 
39. E. onpicULA' rA ; stem tetragonal, paniculately branched 
at top ; leaves roundish, pungently mucronate, recurved, with 
thick cartilaginous edges ; flowers panicled, solitary, sessile, at 
the tops of small branches; calycine segments lanceolate, pun- 
gently mucronate, as also the segments of the corolla ; accessary 
segments of corolla small. (2. H. Native of East Indies. 
Gentiàna orbiculàta, Heyne, herb. ex Wall. cat. no. 4395. 
Flowers small, blue. Habit of a species of T'’riptilion. 
Orbicular-leaved Erycala. PI. i to 1 foot. 
Cult. The species are small alpine plants, bearing blue 
flowers, which are large in comparison to the size of the plants. 
They should be grown in small pots, well drained with sherds, 
in rich light mould, or a mixture of peat, sand, and loam, and 
placed among other alpine plants. They are either increased 
by dividing at the root, or by seed, which should be sown as 
soon as ripe. The annual kinds require the same treatment as 
the perennial species. 
XIV. PNEUMONA'NTHE (from Tvevpwy, pneumon, the 
lungs; and avoc, anthos, a flower: used in disorders of the 
lungs.) Cord. hist. 1. p. 162. f. 2. Lob. icon. 309. Ger. emac. 
438. Cyàna Renealm. specim. 69. t. 63.— Gentiàna species of 
Lin. and others. Pneumonánthe species, Schmidt. Dasystéphana 
species, Borkh. in Roem. arch. Ciminalis species, Borkh. 1. c. 
Lin. syst, Monadelphia Pentandria. Calyx 5-cleft. Co- 
rola companulate, or funnel-shaped ; 10-cleft, the 5 alternate 
segments usually small, bifid, or fringed. Stamens 5; anthers 
combined into a tube, or free; filaments flattened. Stigma 2-lobed 
or bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 2 valved: seeds angular, oblong. 
—Glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, decussate. Flowers terminal, 
‘solitary or crowded. 
§ 1. Anthers combined. This scction contains the true species 
of the genus. 
1. P. acav’tis (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. c.) stems tetrago- 
VOL. IV. 
XIV. PxruMONA'NTHE. 193 
nal, 1-flowered; radical leaves crowded, imbricated; corolla 
campanulate, 5-cleft; segments obtuse, mucronate, having as 
many small accessory segments. Y%. H. Native of the Alps 
of middle Europe, as of Austria, Hungary, and France, as well 
as of Siberia. Gentiana acaülis, Lin. spec. p. 330. Freel. gent. 
p. 57. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1340. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 135, and 
125. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1594. Curt. bot. mag. t. 52. Gen- 
tiàna grandiflora, Pers. ench. 1. p. 285. Gentiana acaülis, 
var. a, grandiflora, Lam. dict. 2. p. 637, no. 9. Ciminàlis 
acaülis, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 26.  Ciminàlis longiflora, 
Meench, meth. p. 514.  Ciminàlis grandiflora, Mayerhoff, fl. 
mon. t. 37.— Schmidel, op. gesn. 2. p. 44. t. 27. f. 86.— Darrel. 
icon. t. 37. Flowers very large, blue, 2 inches long, with 5 
yellow marks inside. Stigma orbicular, finely crenulated. Cap- 
sule semibifid. "There are 5 melliferous tubercles at the base 
of the ovarium. Leaves with cartilaginous margins. 
Var. B, grandiflora (Lam. dict. l. c.) plant very dwarf; leaves) 
l-nerved. %. H. Gentiana acaülis 3, Froel. gent. l. c. Thy- 
lactites, Renealm, specim. p. 70. t. 68. f. 3. 
Var. y, cauléscens (Lam. dict. 2. p. 638. no. 10.) corolla 
oblong-campanulate, shorter than the stem;  cauline leaves 
shorter than the internodes. %.H. Freel. gent. l. c. exclusive 
of the synonyme of Villars, Gentiàna acaülisó. D. C. fl. fr. 
no. 2770.— Barrel. icon. t. 106.—Boce. mus. 2. t. 6. 
Var. ò angustifolia (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 6. p. 152. 
leaves oblong-linear, nerveless : corolla campanulate, exceeding 
the stem. 21. H. Gentiàna angustifolia, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 
526. no. 7. Gent. acaülis, Lin. and Willd. ex D. C. fl. fr. no. 
2770. Pneumonánthe angustifolia, Schmidt, in Roem, arch. 1. 
p. 14. no. 10.— Lob. icon. 310.— Barrel. icon. t. 110. f. 2. 
Var. £, biflóra; stem 2-flowered. Y.H. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 523. 
Var. C, albiflora; corollas white, or nearly so. t. H. Seg. 
pl. ver. 3. p. 91. 
Var. n, variegáta; leaves variegated. 
Var. 3, flore-pleno; corollas double. 
Stemless Calathian violet. Fl. March, May. Britain. Pl. 1 foot. 
2 P. vurcA'Ris (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 8.) 
stem tetragonal; leaves linear-spatulate, obtuse; flowers ter- 
minal and axillary, pedunculate ; corolla funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, 
with acuminated segments. 2t. H. Native of Europe, from 
Norway to Sicily, Caucasus and Siberia, in low, humid meadows. 
In Britain, abundant in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, in boggy 
parts of heaths. Found by Mr. Newtown between Clapham and 
Engleton; near Doncaster, by Mr. Tofield ; near Milthorp, in 
Westmoreland, and in Lancashire, common ; near Tunbridge, in 
Kent ; on Longfield Downs, near Gravesend ; near Greenhithe, 
Cobham, &c. in Kent; as well as at Lellingstone, and near 
Dartford, &c. Gentiàna Pneumonánthe, Lin. spec. 330. Smith, 
engl. bot. t. 20. Hall. helv. 641. Fl. dan. t. 269. Pall. ross. 
2. p. 105. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 196.  Plenck. icon. t. 160. 
Dreves and Hayne, 2. t. 7. Jaume, St. Hil. fasc. 42. t. 4. Gen- 
tiàna linearifólia, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 298. Ciminadlis Pneumo- 
nánthe, Borkh. in Roem. arch. 1. p. 26.—Schmidel. op. gesn. 
2. p. 50. t. 28. f. 91.— Barrel, icon. t. 51. f. 2. t. 52. f. 1-2. 
and t. 122. f. 1. Gentiàna Calathiàna, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 524. f. 1. 
Root fibrous. Stems simple, tetragonal. Corolla deep blue, 
having the accessory segments small and green. At Barnaoul 
a tall, large-flowered, broad-leaved variety occurs. 
Far. B; dwarf; leaves broader. 2t. H. Lam. dict. 2. p. 638. 
Schmidel. in op. gesn. 2. p. 50. t. 26. f. 90.— Barrel. icon. 
p. 51. right-hand figure. 
Var. y; leaves ovate, obtuse; stems 13 foot high. 
Froel. gent. 44. 
Var. ò; stem usually 1-flowered. 4%. H. Schmidel, op. gesn, 
I5ett- 987 £:91; 
Var. £; corollas white. 
c 
giis 
%4. H. Freel. gent. p. 44. 
