GENTIANEZ. XIV. PNEUMONANTHE. 
Gelid Calathian-violet. 
3 foot. 
11 P. szrrr'MrrpA (Schmidt, l. c. no. 5.) stems tetragonal, 
erect, simple ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, approximate, 3- 
nerved ; flowers terminal, 1-7, in a cluster; corolla funnel- 
shaped, 10 cleft, having the 5 regular segments roundish, mu- 
cronate; and the 5 accessory ones jagged; calyx tubular, 
5 cleft. .H. Native of the mountains of Persia, near 
the Caspian Sea; and on the Cherson Alps, in Tauria, and 
throughout Siberia, in alpine places. Calyx angled, angles 
ending in lanceolate foliaceous segments. Corolla having the 
tube almost cylindrical, widening upwards, of a greenish brown 
colour outside, but dotted inside. Limb azure blue. Filaments 
dilated in the middle. 
Var. a, impunctaia; limb of corolla without any dots. Y. H. 
Gentiàna septémfida, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 101. t. 92. f. 13. Sims, 
bot. mag. 1229. Freel. gent. p. 47. no. 16. Willd. spec. 1. p. 
1333. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 195. 
‘ar. D, punctata; limb of corolla dotted. 
bot. mag. 1410. Pneumonánthe septémfida, 
Eurythàlia septémfida, Borkh. 
Seven-cleft-flowered Calathian-violet. 
1804. Pl. 3 to 14 foot. 
12 P. saroxA'RIA (Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 12.) 
stem terete; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved; flowers in 
axillary and terminal fascicles, sessile; corolla campanulately 
ventricose, with 5 obtuse, entire segments, and 5 smaller acces- 
sory fringed ones. Y.H. Native from Canada to Carolina, 
in low meadows and woods. Gentiana saponària, Lin. spec. 
330. Freel. gent. p. 32. no. 8. Sims, bot. mag. 1039. Willd. 
spec. l. p. 1338. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 176. Pursh. fl. 
sept. amer. l. p. 185. Gent. fimbriàta, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 47.— 
Mor. hist. 3. p. 484. sect. 12. t. 5. f. 4. —Plukn. alm. 186. f. 1. 
Flowers crowded, fine blue. Segments of corolla broader than 
long. Capsule fusiform. "There is said by Freelich to be a 
variety of this species collected in Carolina, with a slenderer 
stem, and lanceolate, membranous, obtuse, 3-nerved leaves, 
with only one terminal flower to each stem, and having the 
ey a a corolla less toothed. 
oapwort-like Calathian violet. : š . 
2 i ide olet. Fl. Aug. Sept 
13 P. CATESBÆM; stem terete, minutely downy, and some- 
what scabrous; leaves short, elliptic-ovate, acute, with scabrous 
edges ; flowers terminal, fasciculate; corolla 10-cleft, campanu- 
late, somewhat ventricose or barrel-shaped ; the 5 regular seg- 
ments acutish, and the 5 accessory ones jagged. Y. H. Native 
of North and South Carolina, in open grassy places. Gentidna 
Catesbee'i, Walt. fl. car. 109. Nutt. gen. amer. 6. p. 172. Ait. 
hort. Kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 112. Gent. saponària Andr. 
bot. rep. t. 418.— Catesb. car. t. 70. Nearly allied to P. 
PUO Flowers pale blue. Leaves sessile, rounded at the 
ase. 
C, vs pee : 
: Paid s Calathian violet. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1803. Pl. 1 to 
Fl June, July. Clt. 1807. Pl. 
4t. H. Sims, 
Schmidt, 1. c. 
Fl. June, July. Clt. 
Clt. 1776. 
14 P. ocnroxev'ca ; stem terete, smooth; leaves ovate- 
lanceolate, smooth, 3-nerved; flowers disposed in sessile, 
terminal fascicles ; corolla campanulately-ventricose, with 5 
acute segments, and as many small, simple, acute, accessory 
ones ; calycine segments longer than the tube of the corolla. 
AP EE Native from Pennsylvania to Florida, in dry, sandy fields, 
or gravelly hills. Gentiàna ochroleüca, Froel. gent. p. 35. no. 9. 
Willd. spec. 1. p. 1338. Sims, bot. mag. 1551. Pursh, fl. sept. 
amer. l. p. 185. Gent. villdsa, Lin. spec. 330. Freel. gent. p. 
36.no. 10. Willd. spec. 1. p. 1338. Gentiàna saponària, Walt. 
fl. car. p. 109. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 176. Pneumonánthe 
villosa, Schmidt, in Roem. arch. 1. p. 10. no. 13.—Plukn. alm. 
XV. GrYPHOSPERMUM. 195 
t. 186. f. 1. —Grov. vir. p. 145. Flowers yellowish-green out- 
side, but blue and striped with purple inside. Capsule ovate. 
Cream-coloured flowered Eurythalia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 
1803. Pl. 1 foot. 
15 P. iwTERME' DIA; stems erect; leaves obovate-oblong, 
3-nerved; flowers terminal, aggregate; calyxes foliaceous, 
unequal ; corolla ventricose, barrel-shaped, 10-cleft; the 5 acces- 
sory segments small and simple, as in P. ochroleàca. 1. H. 
Native of Virginia. Gent. intermédia, Sims, bot. mag. 2303. 
Corolla barrel-shaped, as in P. ochroleàca, P. saponaria, P. gélida, 
P. frigida, &c. Accessory segments simple and bifid. Anthers 
distinct. Calyx and corolla now and then 6-cleft. Corolla more 
or less whitish green outside, changing more or less to violet, 
internally streaked with violet. 
Intermediate Calathian violet. 
4 foot. 
16 P. INCARNA`TA ; flowers aggregate, terminal, barrel-shaped, 
with an unequally jagged border; leaves oval; petioles decur- 
rent. 2%.H. Native of North America. Gentiana incarnata, 
Sims, bot. mag. 1856. Corolla pale blue at the base, limb 
white, tinged with green. Nearly allied to P. saponària and 
P. ochroleüca, especially with the latter. 
Flesh-coloured flowered Calathian violet. 
Pl. 4 foot. 
Cult. The species of this genus are all handsome border 
flowers; and P. acaülis is well fitted for edgings to borders. 
They all grow best in a peat border ; and are increased by divi- 
sion of the root, and by seed. Some of the rarer species may 
be grown in pots, and placed among other alpine plants. 
Fl. Oct. Cit. 1820. PI. 
Fl. Oct. Cit. 1812. 
XV. GLYPHOSPE'RMUM (from ydvgw, glypho, to en- 
grave, and oreppa, sperma, a seed; seeds beset with excavated 
dots). D. Don, mss.—Gentiàna species, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. 
Lamb. 
Lin. syst. Polygàmia, Dioécia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 
5-cleft. Corolla tubular, with a 5-cleft limb and a naked throat. 
Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla; filaments alto- 
gether adnate to the tube; anthers incumbent; cells loose at 
the base, and diverging. Ovarium fusiform, compressed, 1-celled, 
2-valved ; style hardly any; stigma capitate, 2-lobed ; lobes 
very short, revolute, pruinose. Capsule membranous, 1-celled, 
dehiscing at apex, many seeded; placentas 2, very narrow ; 
seeds round, rust coloured, full of excavated dots, disposed in 
a simple order.—Small, much branched, shrubs. Branches terete, 
scabrous, from papille. Leaves opposite, decussate, petiolate, 
lanceolate, coriaceous, with serrulated margins. Flowers copious, 
racemosely panicled at the tops of the branches ; corollas small, 
violaceous. Flowers sometimes smaller and female with the 
rudiments of stamina; sometimes larger and hermaphrodite, on 
distinct plants. This genus has the habit of Mitrasácme, with 
scabrous branches. 
1 G. viorza‘ceum (D. Don, mss.) branches scabrous from 
papille ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate. h. S. Native of 
Peru. Gentiàna violacea, Ruiz et Pav. mss. ex herb. Lamb. 
Calycine segments lanceolate, mucronate, 3-nerved. Corolla 
twice longer than the calyx ; lobes roundish, crenulated. 
Violaceous-flowered Glyphospermum. Shrub 13 foot. 
9 G. orna‘trum (D. Don, mss.) branches glabrous; leaves 
ovate-oblong, obtuse. . S. Native of Peru, at Guayaquil, 
Tafalla. Branches subtetragonal. Flowers larger than those 
of the first species, violaceous? Calycine segments ovate- 
lanceolate. Corolla twice longer than the calyx: with flat, 
roundish, quite entire lobes. 
Decked Glyphospermum. Shrub 14 foot. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see 72cAia, p. 197. 
cc 2 
