234 
I. SESAMUM (from Encapov, Sesamon, of Theophrastus 
and Dioscorides; from Sempsen, the Egyptian name of one of 
the species.) Lin. gen. no. 782. Schreb. gen. no. 1048. 
Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 132. t. 110. Juss. gen. 138. Lam. ill. t. 528. 
—Digitalis species, Tourn. 
Lin. syst. Didyndmia, Angiospérma. Calyx 5-parted ; the 
upper segment the smallest. Corolla with a short tube, and a 
campanulate throat; limb quinquefid, somewhat bilabiate; the 
lower segment the longest. Stamens 4, didynamous, inclosed, 
with the rudiment of a fifth sterile one. Stigma bilamellate. 
Capsule oblong, compressedly tetragonal, 4-celled, 2-valved; 
dissepiment contrary to the valves, bipartible. Seeds numerous, 
disposed in one series, somewhat imbricated, ovate, a little com- 
pressed, wingless, erect.—Annual herbs, with opposite and alter- 
nate leaves. Flowers axillary, solitary. Peduncles biglandular ; 
glands bracteate. Corollas white, pale red or yellow. 
1 S. I’xpicum (Lin. spec. 884.) downy ; lower leaves ovate, 
3-lobed : superior ones lanceolate, undivided; stem erect, 
branched. ©.S. Native of the East Indies, common. Sims, 
bot. mag. 1788. S. trifoliàtum, Mill. dict. no. 3 —Rumph. 
amb. 5. t. 204. t. 76. f. 1.—Pluk. phyt. t. 109. f. 4. Stem 
scabrous. Leaves on long petioles, downy on both surfaces, glau- 
cous beneath. Flowers white, tinged with red. In the plant 
found by Martius in Brazil, the rudiment of a fifth filament is 
wanting. This species was first introduced to Jamaica by the 
Jews, and is now cultivated in the West Indies. It is called 
Vanglo, or oil plant. The seeds are frequently used in broth, by 
many of the Europeans; but the Jews make them chiefly into 
cakes. Many of the Oriental nations look upon the seeds as a 
very wholesome food, and express an oil from them, not 
unlike, or inferior to, the oil of almonds. A decoction of the 
leaves and buds, is looked upon as a good resolutive, and fre- 
quently ordered in inflammations of the eyes, where warm 
fomentations become requisite. 
Var. B, rosea (Blum. bijdr. 778.) flowers rose-coloured. ©. 
H. Native of Java, on the mountains. 
Indian Oily-grain, or Oil-seed. FI. July. Clt. 1731. 
13 to 2 feet. 
2 S. ORIENTA`LE (Lin. spec. 883.) leaves ovate-oblong, entire. 
©. S. Native of the East Indies, and is now cultivated in 
South America. Lin. hort. cliff. 318. fl. zeyl. 318. Willd. spec. 
3. p. 358. Gaertn. fruct. 2. p. 132. t. 110. Thunb. jap. 254. 
Lour. coch. 382. S. véterum, Bauh. pin. 27. Riv. mon. t. 
114.— Burm. zeyl. 87. t. 38. f. 1. Schit-elu, Rheed. mal. 9. p. 
105. t. 54. Corolla dirty white, or pale red. Plant rather 
hairy. This species is frequently cultivated in the Levant, and 
also in Africa, as a pulse; the seeds have been introduced into 
Carolina, by the African negroes. An oil is expressed from 
them, which will keep many years, without acquiring any rancid 
smell or taste, but in two years becomes quite mild, so that, 
when the warm taste of the seed which is in the oil when first 
drawn is worn off, it is used as a salad oil, aud for all the 
purposes of sweet oil. They are also used by the negroes 
for food; they parch them over the fire, then mix them with 
water, and stew other ingredients with them. A pudding is 
made from them in the same manner as from millet or rice, 
called Benny, or Bonny, in Carolina. In Japan, where they 
have no butter, they use the oil for frying fish, and in dressing 
other dishes; as a varnish; and medicinally, as a resolvent and 
emollient. In China and Cochinchina, they are used for the same 
purposes. 
Eastern Oily-grain, or Oil-seed. Fl. July. Clt. 1781. 
13 to 2 feet. 
3 S. vo rEuM (Retz. obs. 6. p. 31. no. 56.) leaves lanceolate, 
on long petioles ; corollas hispid on the outside. (2. S. Native 
of the East Indies, in forests, at Nidrapur. Stem a little 
PEDALINEJE. 
PI. 
Pl. 
I. SESAMUM. 
II. Marrynia. 
branched. Leaves alternate, having the margins and nerves 
beneath scattered with short hairs. Calyx and capsule hispid. 
Corolla deep yellow. 
Yellow-flowered Oil-seed. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
4 S. rapvra‘tum (Schum. pl. guin. p. 274.) hairy; leaves 
usually 3 in a whorl, on short petioles: lower ones roundish- 
ovate, deeply toothed: upper ones ovate-oblong, quite entire ; 
bracteas setaceous, solitary. ©.S. Native of Guinea. Stem 
slightly tetragonal. Flowers purple. 
Radiate Oil-seed. — Pl. 4 feet. 
5 S. racrNIA' TUM (Klein, Willd. spec. 2. p. 359.) leaves all 
bipartite and jagged; stem prostrate, hispid. ©. S. Native 
of the East Indies, near Hydrabad. Branches ascending at top. 
Leaves on short petioles, scabrous on both surfaces. Margins 
of the teeth of the calyx hispid. Capsule obtuse at both ends. 
Sésamum prostratum, Retz. obs. 4. p. 28, is a very doubtful 
plant, or probably a synonyme of Torénia Asiática. 
Jagged-leaved Indian Oil-seed. Pl. prostrate. 
Cult. The species of Sésamum are grown in our gardens 
only as botanical curiosities. "The seeds of them require to be 
reared on a hot-bed frame in early spring, and otherwise treated 
like other tender annuals, by planting them out in the open 
border, in a warm, sheltered situation, about the end of May. 
II. MARTY'NIA (so named by Houston, in honour of John 
Martyn, F.R.S., professor of botany at Cambridge; author of 
Historia Plantarum variarum, and several other works; editor 
of Virgil’s Georgics and Eclogues, born Sept. 1699, died 1768.) 
Houston, rel. t. 10. Lin, gen. no. 753. Schreb. gen. no. 1010. 
Mart. t. 42. Juss. gen. 140. ed. Usteri, 156. — Gaertn. fruct. 
2. p. 131. t. 110. Glox. obs. t. 1-2.—Proboscidea, Juss. 
Sehmidel. icon. t. 12. 
Lin. syst. JDidynàmia, Angiospérma. 
equal, bracteate at the base. Corolla sub-campanulate ; limb 5- 
lobed, unequal. Stamens 4, didynamous, 2 of them sometimes 
sterile, with always the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma bilamellate. 
Drupe or capsule oblong, bicornute at apex ; the anterior horn 
sulcately toothed, containing a 4-celled, woody nut; cells few- 
seeded. Seeds ovate, a little compressed, wingless, pendulous. ? 
Radicle superior.—Herbs with opposite, rarely alternate leaves. 
Flowers spicate, axillary and terminal. 
1 M. a’nnva (Lin. syst. 559. spec. 862. Swartz, obs. 230.) 
stem branched; leaves alternate, lobed, cordate at the base; 
stamens 4, all fertile. ©. H. Native of Mexico, in high 
plains; and on the banks of the Mississippi. Sabb. hort. t, 91. 
Gaertn, fruct. 2. p. 131. t. 110. M. proboscídea, Glox. in obs. 
p. 14. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 339. Mill. dict. t. 286. Sims, 
bot. mag. 1056. M. alternifólia, Lam. dict. 2. p. 112. Pro- 
boscídea Jussiéuii, Schmidt, icon. 49. t. 12-13. Med. boh. 
beob. 1783. p. 20. M. Louisiana, Mill. dict. no. 3. This is a 
large annual, villous, viscid plant. Corollas with a yellowish 
white tube, variegated with green, yellow, and violet spots and 
lines; limb wide, pale violet, marked with saffron-coloured and 
violet dots and lines. The lobes of stigma close when touched, 
according to Turra. 
Var. B, triloba; leaves oblong-deltoid, irregularly cordate at 
the base, 3-lobed: middle lobe long, sinuated, undulated, and 
finely denticulated. (2. H. Native near Vera Cruz. M. tríloba, 
Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnzea, 5. p. 121. Smaller than the species. 
: Annual Martynia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 17388. Pl. 1 to 2 
eet. 
2 M. toneirxora (Lin, syst. p. 559.) stem simple; leaves 
opposite, roundish, repand; flowers axillary, solitary, on short 
pedicels ; tube of corolla gibbously flattened at the base; sta- 
mens 4, all fertile. ©. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 339.  Meerb. icon. 7. Willd. spec. 3. p. 
12 
Calyx 5-cleft, nearly 
