PEDALINE. II. Marrtynta. 
265. Martynia Capénsis, Glox. obs. p. 13. Stem erect, sca- 
brous. Leaves 3-nerved. In place of bracteas at the base of 
the peduncles, there is a pedicellate gland. Tube of corolla 
very long. Corollas purplish. 
Long-flowered Martynia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1781. Pl. 2 feet. 
3 M. pia’npra (Glox. obs. p. 14. t. 1. Jacq. schoenbr. 3. 
p. 21. t. 289.) stem branched ; leaves opposite, lobed, cordate at 
the base; stamens 4, 2 of them sterile. ©. G. Native of 
Mexico, at Vera Cruz; and near Campeche. Andr. bot. rep. 
575. M. angulósa, Lam. dict. 2. p. 112.  Martynia reliq. 
Houst. p. 5. t. 10. M. annua, Lin. spec. ed. 1. syst. ed. 10.— 
Martyn. cent. 42. t. 42.  Erhert. pict. t. 1. f. 5. phil. trans. 38. 
no. 427. p. 3. Stem reddish. Leaves villous and viscid. 
Flowers thyrsoid, in the forks of the stem, drooping. Corolla 
with a white tube, tinged with purple, and spotted with red and 
yellow ; limb pale red, with a shining purple spot at each seg- 
ment: upper lip reflexed. 
Diandrous Martynia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Pl. 2 feet. 
4 M. rv'rzA (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 934.) stem branched, clothed 
with glandular down; leaves opposite, cordate-orbicular, 
toothed, clothed with glandular down; beaks much longer than 
the pericarp. ©.H. Native of Brazil. Calyx involucrated 
by 2 bracteas. Corolla large, funnel-shaped, orange-yellow, 
clothed with blood-colour inside. 
Yellow-flowered Martynia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
5 M. ZawquEBA'nicA (Lour. coch. 386.) stem procumbent ; 
leaves pinnatifid, pilose; flowers axillary, solitary ; beaks of 
capsule secund. b. S. Native of Zanzibar. Leaves petio- 
late, pilose. Flowers pale purple. Calyx pilose, with lanceolate, 
nearly equal, deciduous, expanded segments. Corolla ringent, 
with a large, roundish, gibbous tube, and a short limb ; upper 
lip trifid, obtuse, the middle segment emarginate; the lower lip 
ovate, longer, entire, Fruit bisulcate on both sides, 4-beaked, 
4-celled, 1-seeded, 2-valved. 
Zanzibar Martynia. Shrub procumbent. 
Cult. The seeds of the species should be reared on a hot-bed, 
as other tender annuals; and when transplanted into other 
pots, they should be kept in the hot-house or green-house 
until the seed is ripened. A light rich soil suits them best. 
III. CRANIOLA'RIA (from xpa»iov, kranion, a skull; 
some resemblance in capsule.) Lin. gen. no. 868. Juss. gen. ed. 
Usteri, p. 156. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 153.— 
Martynia species of authors. 
Lin. syst. Didyndmia, Angiospérma. Calyx campanulate, 
spath-formed, 5-toothed, cleft on one side, bracteate at the base. 
Corolla funnel-shaped, with a very long tube, a campanulate 
throat, and a bilabiate limb; upper lip bifid; lower one tri- 
fid: the middle lobe the broadest. Stamens 4, didynamous, 
with the rudiment of a fifth. Stigma bilamellate. Drupe 
ovate, acute, containing a 4-celled, woody nut, which is fur- 
nished with 2 short horns at apex. Seeds 4 in each cell, or 
often solitary, ovate, a little compressed, wingless.—Villous, 
clammy herbs. Leaves opposite, 5-lobed. Flowers racemose 
from the forks of the branches, or axils of the leaves, or tops of 
the branches. Corollas white, with a painted throat. 
1 C. a’nnva (Lin. mant. 417. syst. 417. Jacq. amer. 173. 
t. 110. Nees, et Mart. in act. bonn. 11. p. 68.) stems annual, 
branched; leaves cordate, palmate, toothed; tube of corolla 
longer than the calyx, which is bibracteate. ©.G. Native of 
the tropical parts of America. Martynia craniolaria, Swartz, 
obs. 230. Glox. obs. p. 14. Willd. spec. 3. p. 262. Martynia 
spathàcea, Lam. dict. 2. p. 212.—Erhr. pict. t. 1. f. 2. Corolla 
white. The natives of Venezuela prepare from the dried roots 
of this plant a bitter and cooling drink. 
Annual Craniolaria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
III. CRANIOLARIA. 
IV. Josepuinia. V. PEDALIUM. 235 
2 C.vuwiBRACTEA' TA (Nees, in Mart. nov. act. bonn. 11, p. 
67.) stem perennial, branched; leaves cordate, rather angular, 
toothed ; tube of corolla length of calyx, which is unibracteate. 
uy. S. Native of Brazil, about Cachuera, and at Rio das 
Contas. Holorégmia víscida, Mart. in bot. zeit. 1821. 1. p. 300. 
bras. reise. 2. band. p. 239 and 344. Martynia spathacea, 
Spreng. syst. add. p. 338. Leaves a hand broad. Flowers 
disposed in long, simple racemes from the tops of the branches. 
Corolla pale sulphur-coloured, having the bottom painted with 
purple dots. Plant canescent. 
Unibracteate Craniolaria. Pl. 4 to 5 feet. 
Cult. The seeds and plants of C. ánnua should be treated in 
the same manner as those of the species of Martynia. Cran. 
unibracteata should be treated like other common perennial 
stove plants ; and it may either be increased by seeds or 
cuttings. 
IV. JOSEPHI'NIA (named in honour of the Empress Jose- 
phine, a great patron of botany and gardening.) Vent. malm. 
p. 67. t. 67. R.Br. prod. p. 520. Blum. bijdr. 779. 
Lin. syst. Didynàmia, Angiospérma. Calyx 5-parted, equal. 
Corolla with a short tube, a large campanulate throat, and a 5- 
lobed, spreading, bilabiate limb ; upper lip semi-bifid ; lower one 
trifid : the middle segment the longest. Stamens 4, didynamous, 
with the rudiment of a fifth ; anthers free. Stigma bifid ; the seg- 
ments emarginate, or semi-bifid ; therefore the stigmais commonly 
called 4-cleft. Drupe dry, prickly, falsely 4-8-celled, opening 
at top, by 2-4 holes; cells 1-seeded; seeds erect. Radicle 
anterior.— Diffuse herbs. Leaves opposite, entire. Peduncles 
axillary. Flowers purplish. 
1 J. IurEnaTRicis (Vent. malm. p. 67. t. 67. mem. de l'inst. 
sc. phys. 1806. 1. sem. p. 71.) ovarium 4-5-celled; leaves lan- 
ceolate-elliptic, acute, downy beneath, as well as the stem; calyx 
equal. 4. G. Native of New Holland, on the west coast. 
Baudin. Leaves ovate-cordate, ex Vent. Flowers pale pink, 
dotted, like those of Catélpa syringæfòlia, ex Vent. 
Empress's Josephinia. Fl.? Cit.? Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
2 J. cranpirtora (R. Br. prod. p. 520.) ovarium 8-celled ; 
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, downy beneath; stem glabrous; 
upper segment of calyx one half shorter than the rest; lower 
segment of corolla more than twice the length of the rest. 4. 
S. Native of New Holland, within the tropic. Flowers pur- 
lish. 
š Great-flowered Josephinia. Shrub? 
3 J. Cexe’sica (Blum. bijdr. 779.) ovarium 8-celled; leaves 
oblong-lanceolate, downy; peduncles shorter than the petioles ; 
drupes tomentose; calyx equal. h.S. Native of the Celebes, 
in woods. 
Celebes Josephinia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub. 
Cult. For culture and propagation, see Martijnia, above. 
V. PEDA'LIUM (from «5óaXov, pedalion, the rudder of a 
ship ; in reference to the dilated angles of the fruit.) Lin. gen. 
no. 794. Schreb. gen. no. 1065. Rottb. in coll. hafn. 2. p. 
255. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 276. t. 58. Juss. gen. 140. ed. Us- 
teri. 156.—Mürex. Lin. fl. zeyl. 440. 
Lin. syst. JDidynàmia, Angiospérma. Calyx 5-parted (f. 
23. a.); the upper segment very short; and the lowest longest. 
Corolla with a 3-cornered tube, a widened campanulate throat, 
flat beneath, and a 5-lobed, sub-bilabiate limb. Stamens 4, didy- 
namous, with the rudiment of a fifth (f. 23. 6.); filaments pilose 
at the base. Anthers twin, cruciate, terminated by a gland. 
Stigma bifid, revolute. Drupe dry, ovate-conical (f. 23. c.), 4- 
cornered, the corners thorny on the angles (f. 23. c. d.), con- 
taining a 2-celled, 4-winged, corky nut; cells 2-seeded ; seeds 
pendulous, arillate, one above the other: there is an empty cell 
HH 2 
