252 
with as many ribs as there are lobes of the limb; limb 10-12- 
cleft: lobes oblong, obtuse, keeled, imbricate in estivation ; 
alternate ones smaller, Stamens 10-12, alternating with the 
lobes of the corolla, rising from an equal number of compressedly 
tetragonal arches, which are inserted in the bottom of the co- 
rola; filaments subulate, glabrous. Anthers adnate by their 
middle, incumbent, 2-celled; cells combined at the extremities ; 
pollen mealy. Style semi-bifid, pilose at the base; stigmas 
simple, obtuse. Capsule ovate-acuminated, 2-celled, 2-valved, 
dehiscing at top. Dissepiment double, with revolute, seminife- 
rous edges. Seeds numerous, angular, papillose; testa simple, 
cartilaginous. Albumen copious, horny. Embryo erect, slender, 
a little arched, with very short cotyledons, and a long, filiform, 
obtuse radical, looking to the hylum. This genus agrees with 
Hydroleacee, although the stamens, and the divisions of the 
calyx and corolla, are double in number, the symmetry of the 
flower is preserved; but this mere increase of parts is of little 
importance, when the number of points of agreement are taken 
into account. In Códon, and some of the Hydroledcee, parti- 
cularly in Wigdndia, the leaves have lobed margins, and are 
clothed with bristly points, which in the former genus are deve- 
loped into prickles.. The stamina and pistill&entirely agree in 
both genera; but the albumen is more copious, and the stigmata 
less developed in Códon, whose affinities, however, to the 
Hydroleàceæ, may be considered as completely established. 
1 C. Rove x1 (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 13. p. 292. Thunb. prod. p. 
80. Willd. spec. 2. p. 540. Andr- bot. rep. t. 325.) ©. F. 
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Codon aculeàtum, Gaertn. 
fruct. 2. p. 88. An annual herb, furnished with copious white, 
straight, subulate prickles. Root fusiform? Stem erect, 
branched, terete, flexuous, robust. Leaves aternate, petiolate, 
ovate-oblong, a little attenuated towards the apex; but obtuse, 
thickish, fleshy, and ribbed beneath, with recurved, sub-repand 
edges. Flowers large, solitary, pedunculate, extra-axillary, 
somewhat racemose at the top of the stem, usually bracteate by 
two narrower leaves at the base. Corolla white, variegated with 
purple. 
Royen’s Codon. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1801. Pl. 1 to 12 foot. 
Cult. This is a singular plant, the seeds of which should be 
sown in a pot, in rich, light earth, and the pot placed in a frame ; 
and when the plants are of sufficient size, they may be moved 
into separate, small pots, and shifted into other larger ones by 
degrees, as they grow. They may afterwards be placed among 
other greenhouse plants, 
Orper CLXIV. CONVOLVULA' CE (this order contains 
plants agreeing with the genus Convólvulus in important charac- 
ters.) Juss. gen. p. 132. edit. Usteri. p. 148. R. Br. prod. p. 
481. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 94. Choisy, in 
mem. soc. phys. gen. 6. p. 383. 
Calyx of 5 sepals (except in Wilsdnia, which is gamosepalous 
and 5-toothed ;) sepals permanent, equal or unequal, disposed in 
one, two, or three series, often eularged round the fruit. Corolla 
monopetalous, hypogynous, regular, tubular, campanulate or 
funnel.shaped ; having the limb sometimes of 5 plaits, and 
sometimes of 5 lobes, which are twisted in estivation. Stamens 
5, opposite the sepals, and therefore alternating with the lobes or 
plaits of the corolla, inserted more or less towards the bottom of 
the corolla; filaments usually unequal, dilated at the base, some- 
times villous, naked, or furnished with scales, usually inclosed, 
rarely exserted ; anthers long, usually sagittate, and adnate at 
the base, often twisted afterwards. Nectarium or hypogynous 
HYDROLEACEZ. V. Conon. 
CONVOLVULACES. 
disk annular, surrounding the ovarium in most of the species, 
more or less showy. | Ovarium usually simple, 2-4-celled, rarely 
almost 1-celled, or altogether 1-celled : sometimes the ovarium 
is double or quadruple ; in each cell there is 1 or 2 erect ovula. 
Style usually simple, entire, or more or less deeply cleft; rarely 
Stigmas acute, flattened or globose; in those with the 
simple style, 2-lobed. Fruit a capsule or a dry berry, 1-4- 
celled; cells 1-2-seeded. Capsule usually dehiscing valvately, 
rarely transversely. Seeds usually rounded on one side, and 
flattened on the other, inserted by the base, glabrous or villous; 
having the testa usually black and hard. Albumen mucilagi- 
nous. Cotyledons foliaceous, corrugated, except in the genus 
Maripa, in which they are thick and straight. Radicle incurved, 
inferior.—Stems herbaceous, suffruticose, fruticose, also arbo- 
reous ; sometimes erect, sometimes creeping, but for the most 
part twining. Leaves alternate, simple, entire or lobed, sessile 
or petiolate. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1 or many-flowered. 
Pedicels articulated to the peduncles, usually bibracteate ; brac- 
teas more or less, approximating the flower, sometimes also in- 
volving the flower. Roots simple or tuberous, edible or medi- 
cinal. Juice milky, purgative, often filling the stem. 
Nearly the whole of the Convolvuldcee are twining plants, 
with showy flowers, expanding under the influence of sunshine. 
A few are shrubs, but the greater part are herbaceous, and very 
many annual. All parts of the world produce them. Cusciita 
is a singular parasite, wholly destitute of leaves. The root of 
many is filled with a milky, acrid juice, which is very purgative. 
Scammony, jalap, and some other drugs, are the produce of 
Convolvulacee. The roots of Ipomæa florida, scoparia, and 
Quámoclit, are stimulatory; that of [pome‘a Batdtas, which is 
the sweet potato of America and South Europe; and that of 
Ipome'a edilis, are wholesome articles of food. 
two. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Trisz I. 
AncynETEX. Embryo cotyledonous. Carpels combined into a 
simple ovarium. Pericarp baccate, indehiscent. 
1 Rivea. Ovarium 4-celled ; cells 1-seeded. 
2 Marìa. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Cotyledons 
not plicate? Stigma furrowed. 
3 Arcyre‘IA. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. 
2-lobed; lobes capitate. Corolla campanulate. 
4 BriwkwónrHia. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Co- 
rolla urceolate. Calyx calyculate. 
5 HuwsERrA. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 2-seeded. Stigma 
hollow-flattened. Stamens exserted. 
Stigma 
6 MooncnórTia. Ovarium 2-celled; cells 1-seeded.? Fruit 
2-seeded. 
Trisz II. 
Cowvonvu'Lex. Embryo cotyledonous. Carpella combined 
into a simple ovarium. Pericarp capsular, dehiscent. 
§ 1. Style simple, entire even to the stigma. 
7 Qua’Mociit. Corolla 
tubular, 
Ovarium 4-celled; cells 1-seeded. 
Genitals exserted. 
