CONVOLVULACEZ., XVI. Coxvotvutus. 
` Native country unknown. Stem quadrangular. Young leaves 
hoary: adult ones with a few adpressed hairs, as well as the 
calyx. Bracteas linear under the calyx. Corolla red. 
Emarginate-lobed Bind-weed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. 
Pl. tw. 
60 C. sicusrrpa‘tus (Fischer, ex Link, enum. p. 201.) leaves 
hastate : hind lobes bicuspidate ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; 
calycine segments obtuse, emarginate, somewhat apiculated. %. 
^.H. Native of Dauria. Stem glabrous, quadrangular. Leaves 
with a lanceolate middle lobe, and recurved hind or lateral 
ones, scabrous on the margins. Peduncles longer than the 
leaves, bearing a linear bractea above the middle. Calyx gla- 
brous. Corolla red. 
p Bicuspidate-lobed Bind-weed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. 
l. tw. x 
61 C. AunicuLA' rus (Desr. in Lam. dict. 3. p. 540. exclusive 
of the synonymes); leaves linear-hastate, acuminated: hind 
lobes entire; peduncles 2-flowered. 2/. ^. S. Native of the 
Isle of France. Pers. ench. 1. p. 177. Nearly allied to C. 
arvénsis, and probably only a variety of it; but differs from the 
common form of that species, in the leaves being narrower, 
more oblong, in the peduncles being 2-flowered, nearly the 
length of the leaves, and in the bracteas being nearer the calyx. 
Root creeping. ? 
Auricled-leaved Bind-weed. Pl. tw. 
62 C. Corsicus (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 256.) leaves 
ovate-hastate, rounded at the apex, somewhat emarginate: hind 
lobes obtuse. 2/. ^. H. Native of Corsica. Nearly allied to 
some varieties of C. arvénsis; but differs in the shorter petioles, 
broader leaves, shorter, thicker peduncles. Superior leaves 
smaller, and sessile. Probably only a variety of C. arvénsis. 
Corsican Bind-weed. Pl. tw. 
63 C. iNcanNA'rus (Vahl, eclog. amer. 2. p. 12.) leaves sagit- 
tate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous: hind lobes divaricate, acute, 
entire; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; bracteas 
at the base of the peduncle ; sepals lanceolate, acute... ^. S. 
Native of Curacoa. It differs from C. arvénsis, to which it is 
nearly allied, in the hind lobes of the leaves being ovate, acute ; 
in the bracteas being at the base of the peduncles; in the 
flowers being larger, &c. Corolla large, purple, campanulate. 
Flesh-coloured-flowered Bind-weed. Pl. tw. 
64 C. Mecuoaca’nna (Willd. anleit. selb. p. 93.) leaves 
ovate and lobed, hastate; peduncles thick, 1-flowered. YJ. %. 
S. Native of Brazil ; and Mechoaca, in New Spain. Root thick, 
marked under the name of Mechoacanna. Conv. Mechoàcan, 
Vittm. summ. 1. p. 434, Conv. Jetiaücu, Pis. bras. with a 
figure. Conv. Jatiaüca, Gmel. 1. p. 339. with the following de- 
scription: * Nearly allied to C. sepium. Root bifid, brown out- 
side. Stem many-angled. Leaves cordate-eared, deep green, 
nerved beneath. Corolla white or pale red, purple inside. 
Seeds brown." 
Mechoacan Bind-weed. Pl. tw. 3 
65 C, ATRIPLICIFÒLIUS (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 467.) hairy ; leaves 
on short petioles, sagittate, truncate behind ; peduncles axillary, 
hairy, very long, forked at top, each fork bearing a flower; calyx 
villous: outer sepals the longest, lanceolate, acute, mucronate. 
X.^.H. Native of Syria, La Billardiere. Hairs on stems 
and peduncles rufescent. Peduncles furnished with 2 subulate 
bracteas at the fork, and 2 longer ones on each pedicel. Corolla 
White, twice as long as the calyx. 
Atriplex-leaved Bind-weed. Pl. tw. 
66 C. AcErosELLEFOLIUs (Desr. in Lam. dict. 3. p. 564.) 
muricated ; leaves hastately 3-lobed: lateral lobes roundish- 
angular; peduncles short, usually 2-flowered ; sepals short, 
ovate, bluntish. 7. C. S. Native of the Isle of France. Conv. 
lapathifólius, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 604, Glabrous, as in Ipomer'a 
VOL. Iy. 
289 
triloba, to which it is nearly allied in habit. Stems terete, and 
are, as well as the petioles and peduncles, rough from black 
acute tubercles. Leaves almost panduriform. Corolla srl, 
campanulate, twice longer than the calyx. 
Acetosella-leaved Bind-weed. Pl. tw. 5 
67 C. 1nca‘nus (Vahl, symb. 3. p. 23.) clothed with silky to- 
mentum ; leaves lanceolate-sagittate, obtuse, a little toothed at 
the base ; peduncles 2-flowered, length of leaves ; sepals ovate, 
acute: outer ones villous. %. ^. S. Native of South Ame- 
rica. Willd. spec. 1. p. 847. Stems terete. Petioles short. 
Leaves 14 inch long; hind lobes rounded. The longest pedicel 
bibracteate in the middle. Bracteas setaceous. Corolla villous 
outside. Capsule glabrous, globose. 
Hoary Bind-weed. Pl. tw. 
68 C. nasra'rus (Forsk. descr. p. 203.) stem pilose ; leaves 
lanceolate-hastate ; peduncles axillary, twin, 2-flowered ; sepals 
acuminated, spreading at apex. 2t. ^. H. Native of Egypt. 
Vahl, symb. 1. p. 15. Willd. spec. 1. p. 849. Conv. hastifó- 
lius, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 467.  Petioles one-half shorter than the 
leaves. Leaves 2 inches long, glabrous above and villous be- 
neath, with rounded auricles, which are sometimes unidentate 
behind. Peduncles shorter than the petioles, villous. 
Halbert-leaved Bind-weed. Pl. tw. 
69 C. Scammonia (Lin. spec. p. 218. Roy. ludgb. 427.) gla- 
brous ; stem angular; leaves cordate-sagittate, truncate behind ; 
peduncles terete, generally 3-flowered, longer than the leaves ; 
sepals loose, glabrous, ovate, repand, obtuse, with a reflexed 
pont 3. ^. H. Native of Syria, Mysia, Cappadocia ; 
and of the Island of Rhodes, in hedges. Mill. fig. t. 102. 
Plench. off. t. 92. Sibth, et Smith, fl. grec. t. 192. Woody. 
med. bot. 1. p. 18. t. 5. Sweet; fl. gard. n. s. 2. t. 178. 
Conv. Syriacus, : d Scammónia Syriaca, Tourn. inst. 83.— 
Morr. hist. 2. p. 12. sect. 1. t. 3. f. 5.—Lob. icon. 620. f. 1. Co- 
rollas large, campanulate, cream-coloured, or very palered. The 
roots of Scammony, which are very long and thick, when fresh 
contain a milky juice. This is obtained by removing the earth 
from the upper part of the roots, and cutting off the tops 
obliquely. The milky juice which flows out is collected in a 
small vessel sunk in the earth at the lower end of the cut. 
Each root furnishes only a few drachms; but the produce of 
several roots is added together, and dried in the sun. This is 
the true and unadulterated Scammony. It is light, of a dark 
grey colour, but becomes of a whitish yellow when touched with 
the wet finger. It is shining in its fracture, has a peculiar nau- 
seous smell, and bitter, acrid taste, and forms, with water, a 
greenish milky fluid. In this state of purity it seldom reaches 
us, but is commonly mixed with the expressed juice of the root, 
and even of the stalks and leaves, and often with flour, sand, or 
earth. The best to be met with in the shops comes from Aleppo, 
in light, spongy masses, having a heavy, disagreeable smell, and 
a shining ash-colour, verging to black, friable, and easily pow- 
dered ; powder of a light grey, or whitish colour. An inferior 
sort is brought from Smyrna, in more compact, ponderous pieces, 
with less smell, not so friable, of a darker colour, not so resin- 
ous and full of sand and other impurities. This last is said to 
be the produce of Periploca Scammünium, and of the Cynán- 
chum A’rghil. Resin is the principal constituent of Scammony. 
Sixteen ounces of good Aleppo Scammony give eleven ounces of 
resin, and three ounces and a half of watery extract. Scammony 
is an efficacious and powerful purgative. It may be given tritu- 
rated with sugar, or with almonds, and becomes sufficiently safe 
and mild in its operation. It may be also given to strengthen 
other purgatives, in small quantities, as with powdered rhu-. 
barb, &c. The common dose of Scammony is from 3 to 12 
grains; but when mixed with other purgatives, j to 1 grain is 
sufficient. i 
pr 
p. 
