BORAGINEE. 
a definite number of pendulous ovula. Carpels 4, distinct, or 
joined at bottom; or a berry containing 2-4 pyrene. Seeds 
exalbuminous. Embryo inverted.—Herbs or shrubs. Leaves 
alternate, exstipulate, usually rough. Flowers generally disposed 
in secund spikes, but sometimes panicled and corymbose, and 
sometimes axillary and solitary. 
The true Boraginee are chiefly herbaceous plants, with alter- 
nate exstipulate leaves, the surfaces of which are covered with 
minute asperities, and with flowers arranged in one-sided spikes 
or racemes; very rarely solitary. The fruit is generally com- 
posed of 4 distinct carpels. Some, Zchiums, and a few more, 
are shrubs. The genus Tournefórtia and Messerschmidtia 
are chiefly composed of shrubs. Some of the plants of this 
order are mere weeds, quite unworthy of culture; others are 
eminently beautiful, as many Z'chiums, Onósmas, Onosmddiums, 
Siymphytums Merténsias, and others. In general they have 
mucilaginous and emollient qualities, which are especially abun- 
dant in the root of Sýmphytum and Cynoglóssum. Pure nitre has 
been found in several plants of this order. A red colour is given 
out by Anchisa linctoria, Lithospérmum tinctorium, and Onósma 
echiotdes, which is used in dyeing. Several plants of the same 
order are employed on the same account in America. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Tar I. 
Boraciz x. Fruit of 4 distinct, 1-celled carpels, which are im- 
perforated at the base. Corolla deeply 5-parted, with pointed 
segments. Stamens usually exserted. Inflorescence diffuse. 
SUBTRIBE I. 
Bora'cex. Nuts fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imper- 
forated at the base. Corolla rotate; throat furnished with 
vaulted processes. 
1 Bora‘co. Corolla rotate; throat furnished with emargi- 
nate processes or arches. Stamens glabrous; anthers oblong, 
pointed, fixed by the inner side. Nuts turbinate, fixed to the 
bottom of the calyx. 
2 TRacuvsrEMoN. Corolla rotate; throat furnished with 
short, blunt, or emarginated processes or arches. Stamens with 
lengthened, hairy filaments, and incumbent, pointless anthers. 
Nuts fixed to the bottom of the calyx. 
Susrnrise Il. 
Rinpe‘rex. Nuts adnate to the central column. This, with 
subtribe Cynogléssee of tribe Bugléssee, might with propriety 
form a tribe to be called Cynoglóssec, from the carpels being 
fixed to the central column. 
§ 1. Throat of corolla furnished nith vaulted processes. 
3 Ma’rtia. Corolla angular, tubularly. funnel-shaped ; throat 
furnished with processes. Stamens exserted, but usually in- 
closed; anthers sagittate, connivent. Nuts furnished with a 
membranous, emarginate, orbicular wing, fixed to the centre 
column longitudinally. 
4 Sorewa/wrHus. Corolla tubular, 5-toothed ; throat fur- 
307 
nished with 5 arched processes. Stamens exserted. Nuts 4, 
depressed, echinated, adnate to the central column. 
$ 2. Throat of corolla naked. 
5 RiwpERA. Corolla funnel-shaped; throat naked. Anthers 
sessile, between the segments of the corolla. Nuts margined by 
a broad, striated, stiffish wing, adhering lengthwise to the thick 
central column. 
6 Tricnope’'sma. Corolla subrotate; throat naked; seg- 
ments subulate at apex.  Anthers fixed together by hairs. 
Nuts 4, half immersed in as many hollows or pits of a 4-winged, 
central column, adnate near the apex. 
Trige II. 
Sympuy’tex. Corolla tubular, truncate; with very short 
lobes. Stamens inclosed. Carpels or nuts fixed to the bottom 
of the calyx. Inflorescence usually revolute. 
7 Sy'menytum. Corolla tubularly campanulate ; throat fur- 
nished with subulate or lanceolate processes, which connive into 
a cone. Nuts 4, 1-celled, ovate, imperforated at the base. 
8 CorswA'NNiA. Corolla cylindrically campanulate; throat 
naked. Anthers sagittate, distinct. Nuts 4, l-celled, ovate- 
triangular, perforated at the base. 
9 Sromore'cu1um. Corolla tubularly subcylindrical ; throat 
closed by roundish, fleshy, muricated processes. Anthers ob- 
long. Nuts 4, 1-celled, roundish, perforated at the base. 
10 Ondsma. Corolla tubularly-campanulate ; throat naked. 
Anthers sagittate, connected by the lobes at the base. Nuts 4, 
1-celled, ovate, imperforated at the base. 
11 OwoswóniuM. Corolla tubular; throat naked; limb ven- 
tricose ; segments conniving. Anthers sagittate, distinct. Nuts 
4, 1-celled, turgid, shining, imperforated at the base. 
12. Purwowa'nra. Corolla funnel-shaped ; throat pilose. 
Nuts 4, 1-celled, turbinate, imperforated at the base. 
13 Merre’nsta. Corolla tubularly funnel-shaped ; throat 
naked. Nuts 4, 1-celled, ovate, smooth or wrinkled, imper- 
forated at the base. 
14 CzníwTHE. Corolla tubular; throat naked. ^ Anthers 
hastate, connected, having the lobes spirally twisted at the base. 
Nuts 2, 2-celled, or 4, combined by twos, imperforated at the 
base. 
Trige III. 
LirnosPE'RMEx. Corolla open, tubular; with broad, mostly 
rounded lobes. Stamens inclosed or exserted. Nuts 4, dis- 
tinet, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated at the base, 
except in Stribila. 
15 LrirHosPE'RMUM. Corolla funnel-shaped; throat naked. 
Anthers oblong, inclosed. Nuts ovate, hard. 
16 Ba'rscuia. Corolla salver-shaped, with a straight tube, 
longer than the calyx, bearded by a ring of hairs inside at the 
base; mouth naked. Nuts 4, hard, shining. Stamens exserted 
or inclosed. 
17 Macrome'ria. 
RE 
Corolla funnel-shaped ; lobes acute; 
