- 
BORAGINER, 
in the characters given). D. Don in Edinb. phil. journ. July, 
1832. Corolla deeply parted, with pointed segments. Stamens 
exserted. inflorescence diffuse. Nuts 4, 1-celled, 1-seeded, 
distinct. 
Suprrize I, 
Bora‘cex. Nuts fixed to the bottom of the calyx. Corolla 
rotate ; throat furnished with vaulted processes. 
I. BORA'GO (altered from Cor, the heart, and ago, to 
effect; in reference to cordial qualities of Borago). Tourn. 
inst. t. 53. Lin. gen. no. 188. Schreb. 248. Juss. gen. p. 131. 
ed. Usteri. p. 146. Lehm. asper. p. 2. Lam. ill. t. 94. f. 1. 
Schkuhr, handb. t. 31. Boraginoides, Boerh. p. 88. Cynoglos- 
soides, Isnard, act. gall. 1718. t. 10. 
Lin. Svsr. — Pentándria, Monoginia. Corolla rotate ; 
throat furnished with emarginate vaulted processes. Anthers 
distinct, oblong or lanceolate, awned, fixed by the inner side, 
conniving into a cone. Nuts 4, I-celled, turbinate, fixed to the 
bottom of the calyx.—Rough plants, with fusiform roots; ob- 
long or lanceolate leaves, and blue, panicled, drooping flowers. 
1 B. orriciwA'Lis (Lin. spec. 197.) lower leaves obovate, 
attenuated at the base; segments of the limb of the corolla 
ovate, acute, spreading. 4. H. This plant came originally 
from Aleppo, but is now naturalized in most parts of Europe. 
It is now to be found in England, on dunghills and heaps of 
rubbish frequently. Smith, engl. bot. t. 36. St. Hil. pl. fr. 1. t. 
58. Sturm, fl. germ. fasc. icon.— Plenck. icon. t. 77.—Blackw. 
t. 36.—Sabb. hort. 2. t. 20, 21.—Mor. hist. 437. sect. 11. t. 26. 
f. 1. Plant hispid from pili, glaucous. Upper cauline leaves 
oblong, sessile, sub-cordate at the base. Corolla blue or purple, 
and sometimes white. Nuts ovate oblong, obtuse, ribbed on the 
inner side; ribs denticulated. Borage was formerly in great 
request, being reckoned one of the four cordial flowers. “ Very 
light, surely,” says an ingenious author, “ were those sorrows 
which could be driven away by borage.” Yet Borage flowers 
are at least innocent, which is more than can be said of many 
other general remedies for care. The whole herb is succulent, 
and very mucilaginous, having a peculiar faint smell when 
bruised. The juice affords a true nitre. "The plant is now 
seldom taken inwardly. The young tender leaves may be used 
as salads, or as a pot herb. 
Officinal Borage. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. Pl. 1 to 13 foot. 
2 B. CRASSIFÒLIA (Vent. hort. cels. p. 100. t. 100.) leaves 
lanceolate, acute, fleshy ; segments of the limb of the corolla 
unequal, linear-lanceolate, spreading. 2t. H. Native of 
Persia. Willd. enum. 1. p.185. Lehm. asp. p. 203. Stems 
ascending, glabrous, and as if they were articulated or nodose. 
Leaves glaucous, muricated from hooked prickles on the edges 
above, but glabrous beneath, except on the nerves. Flowers 
solitary or racemose, purplish, erect at first. 
Thick-leaved Borage. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
3 B. LONGIFÒLIA (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 162. t. 44.) leaves linear- 
lanceolate ; segments of the limb ovate, acute, spreading. 
4. H. Native of Numidia, in humid places. Willd. spec. 1. 
p: 777. Lehm. asp. p. 204. Root branched, woody. Stem 
hispid from yellow retrograde pili. Leaves scabrous above, 
and downy beneath: cauline ones half stem-clasping. Flowers 
disposed in a terminal bracteate panicle. Pedicels and calyxes 
airy. Segments of the calyx linear, much longer than the 
corolla. Corolla blue. Nuts obiong, smooth, obtuse. 
Long-leaved Borage. FI. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 foot. 
4 B. vaxirrora (D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 422.) leaves oblong ; seg- 
ments of the limb of the corolla ovate, bluntish, erectly spread- 
ing. X-H. Native of Corsica. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 181. 
Lehm. asp. p. 203. Anchùsa laxiflóra, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 736. 
: C. syn. no. 2728. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1798. Stems decum- 
bent, many from the same root, hispid from retrograde bristles: 
I. Borago. 
II. TRACHYSTEMON. 309 
Leaves rough from strigæ ; radical ones rosulate; cauline ones 
half stem-clasping. Flowers on long pedicels, racemose, nutant. 
Pedicels and calyx pilose. Corolla fine blue. Nuts turbinate, 
wrinkled. 
Loose-flowered Borage. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1813. Pl. dec. 
Doubtful species. 
5 B. macrantue’ra (Russel, beschr. aleppo 2. p. 151.) leaves 
lanceolate, ciliated; calyxes ciliated, shorter than the tube of 
the corolla; anthers unequal. %4. H. Native about Aleppo. 
Long-anthered Borage. : 
6 B.? verrucosa (Forsk. fl. egypt. p. 41.) warts of 
leaves furnished with stiff pungent bristles: calyx prismatic. 
J.? H. Native of Arabia.  Anthers terminated by a long 
bristle. Seeds flat, emarginate, serrated. 
Warted-leaved Borage. Pl. 
Cult. Plants of the easiest culture, requiring hardly any care. 
Most of them are very pretty border flowers. They are always 
increased by seed, which should be sown in the open ground, 
II. TRACHYSTE‘MON (from rgaxvc, trachys, rough, and 
ornpwy, stemon, a stamen.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, 
Oct. 1832.  Boràgo species, Lin. and Smith. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Corolla rotate; throat fur- 
nished with short, emarginate processes. Anthers distinct, oblong, 
pointless, incumbent ; filaments long, hairy. Nuts 4, 1-celled, 
fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated at the base.— 
Rough plants, with tuberous or fusiform roots, and copious 
drooping blue flowers. 
1 T.ourexTA'Lrs (D. Don, l.c.) lower leaves cordate; segments 
of the limb of the corolla revolute, pilose outside at the apex. 
Y. H. Native about Constantinople, and in woods about Bel- 
grade. Borago orientalis, Lin. spec. 197. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 22. 
Smith, fl. graec. t. 175. Ker. bot. reg. 288. Mill. icon 1. 
t. 68. Borago cordifolia, Moench. meth. suppl. p. 275. Kern. 
abbild. t. 118.— Tourn. itin. 2. t. 13. —Buxb. cent. 5. p. 16. t. 30. 
Root tuberous, and black outside. Stem hispid from retrograde 
pili, paniculately branched at top. Leaves hispid, broad ; radical 
ones on long petioles; the uppermost cauline ones ovate-lanceo- 
late, narrowed at the base, and nearly sessile. Flowers copious, 
on long pedicels, purplish-blue, disposed in conjugate racemes 
at the ends of the branches, bracteate. Processes in the throat 
of the corolla, white, short, blunt, emarginate. 
Oriental Trachystemon. Fl. March, May. Ch. 
Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
2 T. Cnaz'ricuM ; lower leaves ovate; segments of the limb 
of the corolla linear, revolute, glabrous. 4. H. Native of the 
islands of Candia and Zante, and on Mount Athos. Boràgo 
Crética, Willd. spec. 1. p. 778. Desf. cor. Tourn. in ann. mus. 
10. p. 428. t. 34. Sibth et Smith, fl. graec. t. 176. Tourn. 
cor. inst. p. 6. Lehm. asp. p. 200. Root fusiform. Stems 
beset with stiff hairs. Leaves pilose, with crenately undulated, 
‘subciliated edges, 3-4 inches long; superior leaves rearly sessile. 
Flowers white, or very pale blue, with rose-coloured stamens, 
and yellow anthers, pedicellate, disposed in loose, terminal, con- 
jugate racemes ; processes of the throat subulate. Filaments 
naked. 
Cretan Trachystemon. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1j foot. 
Cult. These are plants of easy culture, but do best in a 
shady rather dry situation. They are easily increased by dividing 
at the root, or by seed. 
1752. 
Susrrise Il. 
RixpE'REE. Nuts or carpels fixed to the central column. 
This, with subtribe II. Cynogléssee, of tribe Buglóssece, might 
with propriety form a distinct tribe, to be called Cynogióssece, 
from the attachment of the carpels. 
