312 BORAGINEZ. 
not auricled. (2. H. Native of the East Indies. Stem downy, 
dichotomously branched, and strigose like the leaves. Pedicels 
hispid: upper ones longer than the leaves. Calycine segments 
unequal, pilose. Corolla dark in the dried state, with subulate 
segments. 
Lithospermum-like Trichodesma. PI. 14 foot. 
Cult. Plants of the most easy culture. The seeds require 
to be reared on a hot-bed early in spring; and the plants should 
be afterwards planted out in the open ground about the end of 
May, in a warm sheltered situation. 
Tribe II. 
SYMPHY' TEE. (This tribe agrees with Symphytum in the 
characters given.) D. Don, in edinb. phil. journ. July, Oct. 
1832. Corolla tubular, truncate, with very short lobes. Inflo- 
rescence revolute. Stamens inclosed. Nuts fixed to the bot- 
tom of the calyx. 
VII. SYMPHYTUM (from evuóvo, symphyo, to make 
unite; and guroy, phyton, a plant; in reference to the healing 
qualities of the plant.) "Tourn. inst. t 56. Lin. gen. 185. 
Schreb. no. 245. Juss. gen. 131. ed. Usteri. p. 142. Gaertn. 
fruct. 1. p. 325. t. 67. f. 4. Lebm. asper. p. 3. and 343. 
Schkuhr, handb. t. 30. 4 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- 
rolla cylindrically campanulate; throat furnished with 5 subu- 
late, vaulted processes, which connive into a cone. Nuts 4, 
l-celled, ovate, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, imperforated 
at the base.—Rough, herbaceous plants, with broad leaves and 
terminal, twin racemes of flowers. 
$ 1. Roots tuberous or fleshy. 
1 S. orFicina‘tis (Lin. spec. p. 195.) stem branched, winged 
at top; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, decur- 
rent, very scabrous above, and hairy beneath; racemes twin, 
nutant, with a flower in the fork ; style length of corolla ; calyx 
acute, hairy. 21. H. Native throughout Europe and Siberia, 
frequent in watery places. Smith, engl. bot. t. 817. Oed. fl. 
dan. t. 664. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 4. t. 18. Drev. et Hayne, t. 
36. Plenck, icon. t. 76. Woodv. med. bot. suppl. 10. t. 215. 
Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 325. t. 67. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 30.  Blackw. 
t. 252. St. Hil. pl. fr. 2. t. 104. Lehm. asper. p. 351.—Petiv. 
brit. t. 29. f. 5.—Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 1. Root fleshy, 
black outside. Stems angularly winged. Corolla yellowish- 
white; segments denticulated. The root of Comfrey abounds 
in a pure, tasteless mucilage, like that of Marsh Mallon, but 
according to Lewis more tenacious. Being easily obtained, it 
therefore may be conveniently substituted for Marsh Mallow, in 
all cases where emollients or demulcents are in use; as in irrita- 
tions of the throat, intestines, and, above all, the bladder. 
Var. B, patens (Sibth. oxon. 220.) plant stronger; flowers 
bluish-purple, red before expansion. 1. Not so common 
in England as the species, but more so on the Continent, and in 
Scotland. Symphytum majus flóre purpüreo, Tabern. 559. 
Plenck. icon. 76. We suspect this to be a distinct species, as 
the habit is very different from that of the species. 
: Officinal Comfrey. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. 2 to 3 
eet. 
2 S. Bone micum (Schmidt, boh. no. 211.) leaves ovate-lan- 
ceolate, alternate, running into the petioles; racemes twin, erect, 
revolute at the apex ; style exceeding the corolla. 44. H. Na- 
tive of Bohemia. S. officinale, 8. Bohémicum, D. Don, in Sweet, 
fl. gard. w. s. t. 304. Stem winged. Flowers red, or reddish 
purple. 
Bohemian Comfrey. Fl. May, July. 
13 foot. 
3 S. rUBEROsUM (Lin. spec. 195. Jacq. austr. 3. p. 12. t. 63.) 
Cit. 1810. Pl. 1 to 
VII. SYMPHYTUM. 
stem simple; leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed at the base : lower; 
ones petiolate: floral ones opposite, sessile, hardly decurrent ; 
segments of the limb of corolla very short, obtuse. %.H. 
Native of Germany, Austria, France, Spain, and Italy. It has 
been observed in several parts of Scotland, about the Water of 
Leith, and at North Marchiston, near Edinburgh. Jacq. fl. 
austr. t. 295. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1502. Sabb. hort. 2. t. 81. 
Lehm. asper. 2. p. 345.—Morr. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 29. f. 2. 
S. màjus, radice tuberosa. Root whitish, composed of many 
thick knobs or tubers. Plant not so stiff and hairy as C. offici- 
nàle. The following description is given by Schimper of $. 
tuberdsum to distinguish it from S. Zeycheri and S. bulbdsum: 
Rhizoma oblique, thickened by scales, furnished with short, pro- 
tuberant, branchlets; stem simple; leaves oblong-ovate, atte- 
nuated at the base: lower ones petiolate: upper ones approxi- 
mating by pairs or opposite: floral ones somewhat decurrent ; 
teeth of calyx linear-lanceolate, shorter than the tube of the co- 
rolla; segments of the limb of the corolla very short, reflexed. 
Style about equal in length to the corolla; processes of the 
throat inclosed. 
Tuberous-rooted Comfrey. Fl. May, Oct. 
1 to 2 feet. 
4 S. Zzvcug ni. (Schimper, in mag. pharm. geiger. Oct. 1829, 
and Jan. 1830, ex Bull. phil. vol. 21. p. 443.) rhizoma and 
stolons tuberous; stem almost simple; leaves ovate, acute, run- 
ning into the marginate petioles: floral ones approximate, or op- 
posite, sessile; calycine segments linear-lanceolate, shorter than 
the tube of the corolla; corolla funnel-shaped ; anthers shorter 
than the filaments; segments of the limb of the corolla very 
broad, erect, 3 times as short as the tube; processes of the 
throat much exserted, exceeding the style. 2%.H. Native of 
Sicily. 
Zeycher's Comfrey. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
5 S. surBósuw (Schimper, l. c.) rhizoma and stolons tuber- 
ous; stem simple; leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute, run- 
ning into the petioles: floral ones approximating by pairs, or 
opposite, ovate, rounded at the base, half stem-clasping; caly- 
eine teeth lanceolate : tube equalling the corolla ; limb of corolla 
parted to the middle, with ovate, erect segments; anthers as 
long as the filaments; processes of the throat exserted, exceed- 
ing the style. 21. H. Native of Heidelberg, Vallais, Schliecher; 
Apennines, Meyer.  Rchb. icon. t. 209. f. 367. Mert. et 
Koch. fl. allem. 2. p. 78. Bluff. and Fingash, fl. germ. suppl. 
2. p. 598. Schimper, bot. zeit. 1825. no. 2. S. filipéndula, 
Bischoff, in bot. zeit. 1826. no. 36. S. Clüsii, Gmel. fl. bad. 
suppl. S. macrolépis, Gay. in Dierbach, in Greger's journ. 
S. punctatum, Gaud. fl. helv. 
Bulbous-rooted Comfrey. P]. 1 to 2 feet. 
6 S. corpa`rum (Waldst. et Kit. pl. hung. 1. p. 6. t. 7.) 
stem simple; leaves cordate, acuminated, on long petioles : 
floral ones ovate-lanceolate, roundish, sessile, nearly opposite ; 
corolla ventricose, with recurved, obtuse segments. 2. 
Native of Hungary, Transylvania, and Western Iberia, in 
woods, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 1380. Lehm. asp. 2. p. 344. 
S. Pannónicum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 161. Bess. fl. gal. 1. p. 152. 
Root tuberous, ereeping, brown outside. Stem simple, hairy. 
Leaves large, hairy. Flowers cream-coloured, disposed in short, 
terminal, twin racemes. 
Cordate-leaved Comfrey. Fl. May, July. Cit. 1813. Pl. 
1 to 13 foot. 
Scotland. Pl. 
$1. ‘Roote fibrous. 
7 S. omrENTA'LE (Lin. spec. 195.) stem branched, hairy ; 
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, petiolate, hairy above, and vil- 
lous beneath: upper ones narrowed at the base : floral ones op- 
posite, sessile; calyx 5-cleft, tubular at the base; segments of 
corolla ovate, acute. 2t. H. Native of the north of Tauria ; and 
