BORAGINE/E. VIII. Cotsmannia. 
mear Constantinople, on the banks of rivulets. Willd. enum. 1. 
p. 183. Sims, bot. mag. 1912. Lehm. asper. 2. p. 345. Pall. 
cat. fl. taur. in act. petrop. 1792. p. 306. Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 
129.—Tourn. itin. 2. p. 243. t. 14. cor. p. 7.—Buxb. cent. 5. 
t. 68. Plant hairy. Corollas white, size of those of S. offici- 
nàle. Calycine segments linear, acute. 
Oriental Comfrey. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1752. Pl. 2 feet. 
8 S. Cauca’stcum (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 128.) stem branched, 
_ hairy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, half de- 
current, clothed with soft hairs, canescent beneath: upper ones 
opposite; calyxes obtuse; limb of corolla campanulate. %. 
H. Native of Caucasus, among bushes at the river Terek, be- 
tween Mosdok and Kisljar. Root branched, black. Plant 
hairy. Very like S. officindle, but more soft. Stem angular, 
paniculately branched at apex. Calyx hispid. Corolla con- 
stantly blue. 
Caucasian Comfrey. 
feet. 
9 S. Tav’ricum (Willd. act. scrut. berol. 3. p. 120. t. 6. f. 1. 
enum. l. p. 184.) stem branched, hairy ; leaves cordate-ovate, 
bluntish, petiolate, hairy, bullately wrinkled above: floral ones 
opposite, sessile; calyx 5-parted; lobes of corolla obtuse. Y. 
H. Native of the south of Tauria, and Caucasus. Curt. bot. 
mag. 1787. S. orientale, Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 129. ?— Tourn. 
itin. ed. germ. 2. p. 337. t. 35. Jacq. eclog. p. 119. t. 81. 
Stem branched. Plant hairy. Corolla milk-white. 
Var. 8, bullàtum (Jacq. eclog. 119. no. 81. Horn. suppl. 
hort. hafn. p. 13. Ledeb. in Schrad. journ. 4. p. 60.) leaves bul- 
late, unequal at the base; corollas rather swollen. Y. H. 
Native of Caucasus. Stems dotted with red. Corolla pale 
yellow, or cream-coloured. 
Taurian Comfrey. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. 
feet. 
10 S. aspr’Rrm™um (Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 129.) stems branched, 
muricated; leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, running into the 
petioles, hairy above, and strigose beneath: upper ones op- 
posite, nearly sessile ; calyx muricated, acute; limb of corolla 
campanulate. %. H. Native of Caucasus and Tauria, on the 
margins of rivulets. Willd. enum. 1. p. 183. Curt. bot. mag. 
t. 929. S. ásperum, Lepechin, nov. act. petrop. vol. 14. p. 444. 
S. orientale folio subrotundo aspero, flore czruleo, Tourn. cor. 
p. 7. Root black. Plant tall, and very rough, but beautiful 
when in blossom. Stem beset with retrograde strigz. Corollas 
downy outside, red before expansion, afterwards blue. Leaves 
broad. 
Var. B, hybridum (Loud. hort. brit. p. 54.) This is a smaller 
variety, and appears to be a hybrid between 5$. orientale and 
S. aspérrimum. 
Very rough Comfrey. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1799. Plant 
Sto T feet; ms 
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 
Pl. 11 to 2 
+ Species hardly known. 
11 S. xcuixA vM (Ledeb. cat. hort. dorp. suppl. 1811.) 
leaves muricated : lower ones cordate : floral ones sessile, nearly 
opposite ; calyx spreading, twice shorter than the tube of the 
corolla; stem much branched. %4. H. Native country un- 
known. 
Echinated Comfrey. Pl. 2 feet? 
12 S. racemdsum (Stephan, in Willd. herb. ex Reem, et 
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 752.) leaves ovate, sessile; racemes very 
long, erect. 2t. H. Native of Persia. 
Racemose-flowered Comfrey. PI. 
What are Symph. læ've, Bess. cat. hort. crem. suppl. 1812? 
Symph. intermèdium, Fisch. cat. hort. goreinki? and S. pere- 
grinum, Ledeb. ? ; : 
Cult. All the species of Comfrey are extremely hardy, an 
VOL. IV. 
IX. SroworEcumuw. X. Onossa. 313 
will grow in any soil and situation. Some are very handsome 
border flowers ; and are well fitted for woods or shrubberies, as 
they will grow under the shade of trees or shrubs. They are 
easily increased by dividing at the root in Spring ; or by seeds, 
but the former mode is preferable. 
VIII. COLSMA'NNIA (named after John Colsmann, a pro- 
fessor at Copenhagen ; author of Prodromus descriptionis Gra- 
tiole Hafn. 1793. 8vo.) Lehm. mag. berol. ges. nat. freund. 8. 
p. 92. t. 4. asper. p. 3. and 356. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Monogjnia. Calyx petaloid, penta- 
gonal, 5-parted. Corolla cylindrically-campanulate, with a naked 
throat. Anthers sagittate, distinct. Nuts 4, l-celled, ovate- 
triangular, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, perforated at the 
base.—A hairy plant, with yellow, pedicellate flowers, which are 
disposed in terminal racemes. 
1 C. rra va (Lehm. l c) ¥.H. Native of the Levant. 
Root brown outside. Stems numerous, erect, simple, beset with 
adpressed, yellowish, soft hairs, like all other parts of the plant. 
Leaves obovate-lanceolate, bluntish, attenuated at the base, 
silky : lower ones petiolate. Flowers pedicellate, disposed in 
terminal racemes, drooping before florescence, secund : lower 
ones furnished with lanceolate bracteas. “Calyx unequal. Co- 
rollas yellow, downy outside. Style purplisb. 
Yellow-flowered Colsmannia. PI. 4 foot. 
Cult. This plant will answer very well as a low border 
flower: it will grow well in common garden soil; and will be 
easily propagated by dividing at the root, or by seed. As the 
plant is rare, some of it should be grown in pots, so that it may 
be protected in winter. 
IX. STOMOTECHIUM (from cropow, stomoo, to close the 
mouth; and extoy, Echion Bugloss. This genus differs from 
E‘chium in the mouth of the corolla being closed by vaulted pro- 
cesses.) Lehm. asper. 4. and 395. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Monogiynia. Calyx 5-angled, 5- 
cleft. Corolla tubularly-cylindrical ; throat closed by roundish, 
fleshy, muricated processes. Anthers oblong, inclosed. Nuts 
4, 1-celled, roundish, fixed to the bottom of the calyx, perfo- 
rated at the base.—4A shrubby, scabrous plant. 
1 S. paritidsum (Lehm. asp. p. 396.) h.G. Native of 
the Cape of Good Hope. Stem and branches angular, smooth 
below, and roughish above. Leaves alternate, sessile, almost 
half stem-clasping, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, stiff, with revolute 
edges, scabrous from papille, especially above; papillae white, 
hispid in the young state. Flowers contiguous, nearly sessile, 
secund, small, with an ovate, hispid bractea to each, disposed in 
spicate racemes, terminating the branches, erect, constituting 
terminal panicles. 
Papillose Stomotechium. Shrub. 
Cult. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat, is a good soil for 
this shrub; and cuttings may be rooted in the same kind of soil 
under a hand-glass ; but the surest way of increasing it, is by 
layering down the young shoots, having a little nick cut in each 
shoot so layed. Seeds are sometimes produced, by which the 
plant may be reared. 
X. ONO'SMA (from ovoc, onos, an ass; and oopn, osme, 
smell; grateful to the ass.) Lin. gen. no. 187. ed. Schreb. no. 
247. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 326. t. 67. Juss. gen. 130. ed. 
Usteri, p. 146. Lehm. asper. p. 4. and 366. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 
tubularly-campanulate ; throat naked. Anthers sagittate, con- 
nected together by the bases of the lobes. Nuts 4, 1-celled, 
Ss 
