BORAGINEZE. XXI. Ecuivw. 
spreading; spikes terminal compound, linear-oblong ; stamens 
exserted. 2t. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in sandy 
places. Willd. spec. 1. p. 786. Lam. ill. 1. p. 413. no. 1861. 
Burm. cap. p. 9. Root fleshy, fusiform, purplish. Stems 2 or 
more from the same root, purplish. Radical leaves 2-3 hands 
long, rosulate, nearly as long as the flowering stem, petiolate ; 
cauline leaves sessile, 2-3 inches long, acuminated. Spikes a 
finger to 2 hands long. Bracteas subulate. Calyx clothed with 
silvery villi; segments oblong-linear, obtuse. Corollas small, 
white. 
Spicate-flowered Viper's Bugloss. 
1799. Pl.1 to 2 feet. 
39 E. imNca Nux (Thunb. l. c. p. 39. prod. p. 33.) stem her- 
baceous, simple, canescent; leaves linear-ensiform, rather sca- 
brous, clothed with adpressed hairs, canescent ; raceme spicate, 
linear. 21. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Swart- 
land, in sandy places. Willd. spec. 1. p. 786. Lehm. asper. 
p. 436. Leaves a span long, attenuated, and a little sheathing 
at the base: cauline ones lanceolate: uppermost ones an inch 
long. Racemes from a finger to a span long, composed of spike- 
lets. Peduncles and pedicels very short. Calycine segments 
linear, obtuse, hoary and hairy. Corolla irregular, blue. 
Hoary Viper's Bugloss. Pl. 1 to 11 foot. 
40 E. AcuTIFÜLIUM (Willd. herb. ex Lehm. asper. p. 437.) 
stem herbaceous, simple; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, clothed 
with white villi; racemes terminal, composed of nearly sessile 
spikelets; corolla nearly equal; stamers exserted. 2. H. 
Native of Persia, in exposed places of woods. Root nearly 
simple, dark purple. Stem strigose. Radical leaves petiolate : 
cauline ones sessile. Bracteas pilose, linear-lanceolate. Calyx 
clothed with white villi; segments linear, rather unequal. 
Corolla villous outside; segments obtuse. Stigma sub-capitate. 
Acute-leaved Viper's Bugloss. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
41 E. tuyrsoipzum (Vent. malm. p. 98, in a note.) stem 
herbaceous, simple, hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, very rough ; 
flowers thyrsoid ; corolla unequal; stamens exserted. 2/. H. 
Native country unknown. Poir. dict. 8. p. 670. Lehm. asper. 
p. 431. Stem hispid. Leaves strigose above, and pilose below : 
lower ones 3-5 inches long: superior ones narrower, and gra- 
dually shorter. Spikelets approximate at top, forming a termi- 
nal thyrse; lower ones 3 incheslong. Calyx hispid, with linear 
segments. Corolla bluish, villous outside; with ovate, nearly 
equal segments. 
Thyrsoid-flowered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. 
Pl. 14 to 24 feet. 
42 E. ru'srum (Jacq. fl. austr. 5. append. p. 27. t. 3.) stems 
herbaceous, simple, hispid; leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid ; 
spike terminal, compound, very long; corollas nearly regular ; 
stamens exserted. ¢.H. Native of Austria, Hungary, Tran- 
sylvania, Tauria, Siberia, and Caucasus, in exposed fields. Lehm. 
asper. p. 439. Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 135. Sims, bot. mag. t. 
1826. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 130 E. Róssicum, Gmel. syst. 
2. p. 323. E. Créticum, Pall. ind. taur. E. Itálicum, Gmel. 
itin. 1. p. 119. t. 19.— Mor. hist. 3. sect. 11. t. 27. f. 2.—Clus. 
hist. 2. p. 164. f. 2. Root woody. Stem usually solitary. 
Flowers in nearly sessile axillary fascicles, the whole forming a 
compound terminal spike, from 4 to 13 footlong. Calyx hispid, 
with unequal linear segments. Corolla red, 3 times longer than 
the calyx, with downy lines outside; segments of the limb un- 
equal, obtuse. Stigma simple. 
Red-flowered Viper's Bugloss. 
Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
48 E. crava'tum (Willd. herb. ex Lehm. asper. p. 440.) 
stem herbaceous, nearly simple; leaves linear-lanceolate, stri- 
gose; spike terminal, compound, very short ; corolla tubularly 
clavate, unequal; stamens exserted. 2t. H. Native at the 
Fl March, May. Ct. 
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1791. 
331 
river Uruch. Root woody. Stem hispid. Radical and lower 
cauline leaves petiolate, 3-4 inches long; upper cauline leaves 
sessile. Spikelets of flowers sessile, forming a terminal spike. 
Calyx strigose, with subulate unequal segments. Corolla downy 
outside. Stigma emarginate, sub-bilobed. 
Clavate-flowered Viper's Bugloss. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
44 E. rAPiLL0suM (Lehm. asper. p. 441.) stem herbaceous, 
simple; leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at the base, obtuse, 
papillosely strigose ; spikelets axillary, sessile, short, reflexed ; 
corolla rather unequal; stamens exserted. 2t. H. Native of 
Siberia. Sy’mphytum secündum, Gmel. syst. 2. p. 320. itin. 
3. t. 36. f. 2. Stem rather angular, beset with soft strigee. 
Lower cauline leaves 2-3 inches long, obovate-oblong, becoming 
gradually smaller and narrower as they ascend. Calyx pilose, 
hoary, with lanceolate segments. Corolla downy outside. Stigma 
simple. 
Papillose Viper's Bugloss. Pl. 14 to 2 feet. 
45 E.crLoMERA TUM (Poir. dict. 8. p. 670.) stem woody at the 
base, simple, strict, hispid; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rough ; 
raceme spike-formed, very long, composed of glomerate spike- 
lets ; corolla nearly equal; stamensexserted. )/. H. Native of 
Syria. Lehm. asper. p. 442. Stem angular, canescent. Leaves 
canescent, beset with adpressed strigce : lower ones a span long: 
upper ones 2-4 inches long, and 2-3 lines broad, becoming gra- 
dually shorter as they ascend. Raceme constituting the greater 
part of the stem. Bracteas with setose margins. Calycine seg- 
ments lanceolate-linear, with hispid edges. ^ Corolla white, 
regular. Style bifid at top. 
Glomerate-racemed Viper's Bugloss. Pl. 2 to 4 feet. 
46 E. Ira‘ticum (Lin spec. 200.) stem. herbaceous, simple, 
strict; leaves linear-lanceolate, hispid from strigæ ; raceme very 
long, spike-formed, composed of bifid dense-flowered spikelets ; 
corolla nearly equal; stamens exserted. &. H. Native of 
Spain, south of France, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Transyl- 
vania, Greece, Tauria, Eastern Caucasus, Iberia, and Jersey, 
in waste fields. All. fl. ped. no. 180. Suter, fl. helv. 1. p. 108. 
Smith, engl. bot. t. 2081. Lapeyr. abr. p. 89. Smith, prod. fl. 
grec. 1. p. 124. Baumg. fl. trans. 1. p. 231. E. aspérrimum, 
Bieb. fl. cauc. 1. p. 135. exclusive of the synonymes of Lam. 
and Sabat. E. altissimum, Jacq. fl. austr. 5. p. 35. app. t. 16. 
E. linearifolium, Moench. meth. suppl. p. 149.— Hall. helv. no. 
604. Stems many from the same root, beset with dark purple 
dots, and spreading stiff hairs. Calyx hispid, with linear rather 
unequal segments. Corollas white, or pale violet, pilose outside ; 
segments ovate obtuse. Style bifid at apex. 
Var, B. lüteum (Lehm. asper. p. 444.) stem simple; leaves lan- 
ceolate, very hairy ; corolla nearly regular; stamens exserted. 
&.H. Native of the Pyrenees. E. lüteum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 
91. Flowers yellow. : 
Var. y; leaves softer and more villous; flowers nearly ses- 
sile. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees. E. Itálicum, 9. Lepeyr, 
abr. p. 89. “ Echium, corollis vix calycem excedentibus mar- 
gine villosis." Lin. hort. ups. p. 35. $ 
Italian Viper’s Bugloss. Fl. July. Britain. Pl. 2 to 4 feet. 
47 E. Pygena'cum (Lin. mant. p. 334.) stem herbaceous, 
branched, hispid from strigæ; branches ascending pyramidal, 
panicled ; leaves linear-lanceolate; spikelets elongated ; flowers 
rather distant; corolla nearly equal; stamens exserted. ¢. H. 
Native of the South of France; Upper Italy ; Lower Pyrenees ; 
and about Tangiers and Algiers. Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 164. 
D. C. syn. no. 2708. fl. gall. 6. p. 418. Willd. enum. 1. p. 
187. Lehm. asper. 445. E. pyramidale, Lapeyr. abr. p. 90. 
fl. pyr. t. 66. E. aspérrimum, Lam. ill. no. 1854. Pers. ench. 
l. p. 164. E. Itálicum, var. y. Willd. spec. 1. p. 787. E. Itá- 
licum, var. 3. Lin. spec. p. 201. E. Italicum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 
451. E.levigàtum, fJ. Vittm. summ. 1. p. 398. Murray, syst. 
uu2 
