BORAGINE. XXI. Ecnivw. 
75 E. toneirorium (Delile. descrip. egypt. 2. t. 16. f. 3.) 
erect, simple; leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated, strigose; co- 
rolla large; stamens exserted. 7. H. Native of Egypt. 
Long-leaved Viper's Bugloss. Pl. 
76 E. ARENA'RIUM. (Guss. sem. hort. Boce. 1825. ex Linnza, 
4. p. 37.) stem diffuse; leaves obtuse ; corolla small, tubular ; 
calyx hispid from strige, by which it differs from E. diffüsum, 
and Æ. tènue. x. H. Native of the South of Europe. 
Sand Bugloss. Pl. diffuse. 
T Species doubtful or hardly known, many of which are probably 
synonymous mith some of those described above. 
77 E. Satma‘nticum (Lag. gen. et spec. nov. diagn. 1806, 
p. 10.) radical leaves lanceolate ; stamens very long, glabrous ; 
throat of corolla impervious. t. H. Native of Spain, about 
Salamanca. Plant hispid. 
Salamanca Viper’s Bugloss. 
Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
78 E. Varenrinum (Lag. l. c.) plant strigose ; leaves lanceo- 
late; corollas campanulately funnel-shaped, nearly equal, longer 
than the calyx ; stamens about equal in length to the corolla. 
4%. H. Native of Spain, in the province of Valentia, where it 
was gathered by Cavanilles. 
Valentia Viper's Bugloss. PI. 
79 E. ScurrrE nr (Lang, in syll. soc. reg. ratisb. vol. 2. with 
a figure, ex Bull. phil. 18. p. 240.) We know nothing of this 
species. 
Schiffer's Viper's Bugloss. Pl. 
80 E. Laca'scæ (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 27.) strigose ; 
stem panicled at top ; branchlets alternate, terminated by a bifid 
spike; corolla shorter than the calyx ; upper leaves lanceolate, 
subpetiolate. 2t. H. Native of Spain, near Hispalim. E. pa- 
niculàtum, Lag. l. c. but not of Thunb. 
Lagasca's Viper's Bugloss. Pl. 
81 E. rLowca'ruw (Lam. il. no. 1855. Poir. dict. 8. p. 
669.) stem herbaceous, erect, pilose, forming a long spike at 
top; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx ; stamens exserted. 
$.? H. Native country unknown. This species is said to 
differ from E. aspérrimum, and E. Pyrendicum, in the long spike ; 
in the sessile flowers, small, obliquely truncate corollas, with 
short, obtuse, white lobes. 
Elongated-spiked Viper's Bugloss. PI. 
82 E. spine’scens (Med. bot. beob. des jahres. 1783. no. 36. 
Lehm. asper. p. 474.) Nothing is known of this plant but the 
name. 
Spinescent Vipers Bugloss. Pl. 
83 E. MEGALA'NTHUM (Lapeyr. abr. suppl. p. 39.) stem her- 
baceous, simple, elongated, pilose ; leaves lanceolate, strigose ; 
corolla unequal, rather villous outside, much longer than the 
calyx ; pistil longer than the stamens, which are exserted. — d. 
H. Native of the Pyrenees; as well as of Galicia and Jacca, 
on the mountains, E. grandiflórum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 90. fl. pyr. 
ined. t. 65. E. longistamíneum, Pourr. chlor. hisp. no. 611. 
Habit of Æ. altissimum, Jacq. ; but the stem is only floriferous 
atthe apex. Corolla irregular, 4 times longer than the calyx, 
white, ciliated on the edges. Perhaps only a var. E. violàceum. 
See D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 418. 
Large-flonered Viper's Bugloss. PI. 2 to 3 feet. 
84 E. AusrRA'LE (Lam. ill. no. 1860. Poir. dict. 8. p. 692.) 
stem herbaceous, pilose ; leaves ovate, attenuated at both ends ; 
corollas equalling the stamens, which are villous at the apex. 
©. H. Native about the Nile, in fields. Poir. dict. 8. p. 692. 
D. C. syn. fl. fr. no. 2710. Pers. ench. 1. p. 164. This spe- 
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1811. 
XXII. Ecurocnirow. 335 
cies is joined by Loiseleur, in fl. gall. 1. p. 111. with E. Lusitá- 
nicum ; others have joined it with Æ. violàceum, E. Créticum, 
and E. grandifldrum. It is often to be found in gardens and 
Herbaria under the names of Z.violàceum,and E. Créticum; and 
is probably the Æ. Créticum of Schultes, obs. bot. p. 33. of which 
he gives the following diagnosis : **Stem 1-2 feet high, clothed 
with canescent hairs. Superior leaves acuminated. Spikes 
elongated, leafy, very hispid.  Calycine segments straight, acute. 
Corolla twice as long as the calyx, rather pilose, violaceous or 
purple, irregular. Stamens and style rather pilose; stigma 
bifid. ©.H. Native of the south of Europe.” 
Southern Viper's Bugloss. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 
1} foot. 
85 E. LoxerrzónuM (Du Mont de Courset, bot. cult. 7. suppl. 
p. 147. to vol. 3. p. 198.) Nothing is known of this plant but 
the name. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
Long-flowered Viper's Bugloss. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. 
Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 
86 E. rvnaM IDA ruM (Du Mont de Courset, l.c.) 5. G. 
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Nothing is known of this 
plant but the name. 
Pyramidal Viper’s Bugloss. Fl. May, July. 
Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 
87 E. pracnysta‘cuyum (Pall. ex herb. Willd. see Roem. et 
Schultes, syst. 4. p. 726.) corollas nearly equal, twice longer 
than the calyx; stamens longer than the corolla; spikes axil- 
lary, usually 5-tlowered, sessile; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, 
rough from dots or tubercles. 2%. H. Native of Siberia. 
Pallas. 
Short-spiked Viper's Bugloss. Pl. 
88 E. A'LBrIcANS (Schott. fil. ex Roem, et Schultes, syst. 4. 
p. 726.) stem erect, simple, hairy, mixed with long strige ; 
radical leaves broad-lanceolate : cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, 
densely strigose ; bracteas and leaves of calyx hispid from long, 
ciliated strigze ; corolla pale red, hairy. &.? H. Native near 
Tarifa, Schott. Plant white from strige. Spikes lateral, 
much shorter than in Æ. Ztálicum. 
Whitish Viper's Bugloss. Pl. erect. 
Cult. All the species of E'chium are very elegant when in 
flower ; and are, therefore, worth cultivating in every collection, 
particularly the hardy species. The shrubby kinds, being all 
greenhouse plants, grow very well in a mixture of loam, sand, 
and peat; and cuttings of them will strike root in the same kind 
of soil, under a hand-glass; but they are more readily increased 
by layering down the young shoots, making a small incision with 
a knife on the back of each shoot so laid before pegging it down; 
they may be also raised from seeds, which are sometimes pro- 
duced in this country. The hardy species grow very well in 
common garden soil, in a dry situation; and they are only to be 
increased by seeds, which should be sown in the open ground in 
spring; their treatment is that of other hardy, perennial, bien- 
nial, and annual plants. All the hardy kinds are well fitted for 
decorating flower borders, from the different shades of their ele- 
gant blossoms. 
Clt. 1820. 
XXII. ECHIOCHI'LON (from extov, echion, Bugloss ; and 
xedoc, cheilos, a lip; in reference to the bilabiate limb of co- 
rolla, and its affinity with Bugloss.) Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 166. t. 
47. Lehm. asper. p. 477. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Co- 
rolla with a slender arched tube, a naked throat, and a bilabiate 
limb ; upper lip 2-lobed: lower one somewhat 3-lobed. Sta- 
mens 5, inclosed. Nuts 4, 1-celled, glabrous, tubercled, imper- 
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