444 SOLANACEJE. II. LvcorznsicuM. 
disagreeable smell. The flowers appear in bunches in July and 
August. The fruit is smooth, depressed at both ends, and fur- 
rowed on the sides; it varies in size, but seldom exceeds that of 
an ordinary golden-pippin apple. . : 
Use.— When ripe, the fruit, which has an acid flavour, is put 
in soups and sauces, and the juice is preserved for winter use, 
like ketchup ; it is also used in confectionary, as a preserve, and 
when green as a pickle. Though a good deal used in England 
in soups, and as a principal ingredient in a well-known sauce 
for mutton, yet our estimation and uses of the fruit are nothing 
to those of the French and Italians, and especially the latter. 
Near Rome and Naples whole fields are covered with it, and 
scarcely a dinner is served up in which it does not in some way 
or other form a part. 
Varieties.—Those in general cultivation are called, the large, 
and small, cherry and pear-shaped red, and the large and 
small, or cherry-shaped yellow. The first sort is in most esti- 
mation for domestic purposes, and should be cultivated accord- 
ingly, while a few plants of the other kinds may be raised for 
variety of the fruit. 
Propagation and Culture.—The plants must be raised and 
forwarded in a hot-bed, under glass from about the vernal equi- 
nox till May. Sow in any general hot-bed about the end of 
March, or beginning or middle of April, and as to quantity of 
seed one ounce will produce 60 plants. As soon as the plants 
are about 2 inches high, if they are immediately pricked out 
into another hot-bed, or into that where raised, or singly into 
small pots placed in the hot-bed, they will grow more stocky, 
and can be more successfully transplanted. About the middle 
or end of May transplant them each with a ball of earth into a 
south border, to have the full sun, that the fruit may ripen to 
perfection. Some may be planted close to a south wall, if 
vacant spaces can be had; but as they draw the ground 
exceedingly, do not set them near choice fruit trees. Give 
water. During the first week, or fortnight, if the nights be cold, 
defend them with hand-glasses, or by inverting a large garden 
pot over each plant, or transplant upon holes filled with hot 
dung, earthed to 6 inches depth, and cover with hand-glasses. 
When they begin to run train them to stakes, or, where planted 
near a wall or pales, nail up the branches. J. Wilmot plants at 
the foot of a bed sloping steeply to the south, and trains the 
stems and branches on it by pegging them down; they fre- 
quently strike root at the joints; he tops them as soon as their 
branches meet, clears off all the lateral shoots, and thins the 
leaves, by which the fruit is exposed, and well ripened. In the 
fine season of 1818 each plant so treated prodüced on zn ave- 
rage twenty pounds weight of fruit. "The fruit begins to ripen 
in August ; gathered in October, and hung up in bunches in any 
dry apartment it will continue good for use in November. 
To save Seed.—“ Gather some of the best ripe fruit in 
autumn, clear out the seed, wash and cleanse it from the pulp, 
and dry it thoroughly, then put it up in papers or bags for use 
next spring.” Abercrombie. 
Var. B; berries pale red. ©. H. L. fructu e rubro palles- 
cente, Tourn. inst. p. 150. 
Var. y; berries yellow. ©. H. L. fructu luteo, Tourn. 1. c. 
Var. ò; berries white. ©. H. L. fructu albo, Tourn. 1. c. 
Esculent, or Common Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. Jul 
Sept. Clt. 1596. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. f 
T Species not sufficiently known. 
10 L. rnocv'uszss (Mill. dict. no. 6.) stem herbaceous 
cumbent; leaves pinnatifid, glabrous ; segments cut; flowers 
solitary, axillary. ©. H. Native country unknown. Dun. 
sol. p. 115. syn. p. 5. Flowers lateral. Calyx large, deeply 
pro- 
III. Pevranruera. IV. Capsicum. 
multifid. Flowers cream-coloured. Berries small, sub-com- 
pressed. : ; 
Procumbent Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. July, Sept. Cit. 
1770. Pl. proc. 
11 L. commura'tum (Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 569.) 
leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets oblique, ovate, obtuse, 
downy on both surfaces, sub-repandly crenated ; racemes bifid, 
longer than the leaves, the branches diverging. Y. S. Native 
of South America, Solanum commutatum, Spreng. pug. 1. p. 
18. Corolla yellow, form of those of the other species. Calyx 
5-cleft. 
Changed Love Apple, or Tomato. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. 
Pl. 2 to 3 feet. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see L. esculéntum, no. 9 
III. PELTANTHERA (from zeArn, pelte, a buckler; and 
av@npa, anthera, an anther; in reference to the form of the 
anthers.) Roth. nov. spec. p. 126. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 
4. p. Liv. and 670. 
Lin. syst. Pentdndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla 
rotate, plicate, 5-cleft. Stamens inserted in the throat of the 
corolla, short, broad. Anthers sagittate at the base, conniving 
into an oblong, attenuated, obsoletely pentagonal cone. Stigma 
clavate. Berry unknown. This genus differs from Solanum 
in the anthers being 1-celled, hamately sagittate at the base, 
and furnished with a sessile, peltate body on the back, and not 
dehiscing by 2 pores at top as in that genus. 
1. P. soraNaA'cEA (Roth, l. c. Roem. et Schultes, syst. 4. p. 
670.) L.S. Native of the East Indies, Vallàris, Heyne mss. 
Leaves opposite, elliptic, quite entire. Racemes axillary, sub- 
corymbose. Corolla size and colour of that of Solanum pseüdo- 
capsicum. Ovarium I-celled ? 
Solanaceous Peltanthera. Shrub. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Solanum, p. 442. 
IV. CA'PSICUM (from xazro, kapto, to bite; on account 
of the biting heat of the seeds and pericarp; some derive it 
from capsa, a chest.) Tourn. inst. 66. Lin. gen. no. 252. 
Schreb. gen. no. 338. Juss. gen. p. 126. ed. Usteri. p. 141. 
Geertn. fruct. p- 1241. t. 132. Lam. ill. t. 116. f. 1, 2. 
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 3. p. 48. Fingerhuth diss. cap. 
Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 62. 
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5- 
toothed. Corolla rotate; limb plicate, 5-cleft. Anthers con- 
nivent, 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise. Stigma obtuse. Berry 
dry, inflated, and hollow, of a papery consistence, 2-4-celled, 
many-seeded, naked. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment.— 
Shrubs, or sub-shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves scattered, solitary; 
or twin, and quite entire. Peduncles extra-axillary, and alar, 
1-flowered. Flowers greenish white, or violaceous. 
$ 1. Peduncles solitary. Fruit erect, or pendulous. 
* Annual. Berries pendulous. 
1 C. a’nwovm (Lin. spec. p. 270.) fruit oblong, pendulous, 
and erect; petioles glabrous ; stem herbaceous ; calyx obsoletely 
5-toothed. ©. H. Native of South America. Woody. med. 
bot. 391. t. 144. Stev. and Church. med. bot. 1. t. 44. Plenck- 
off. t. 107.—Knor, del. 2 t. 1. 6.—Rheed. mal. 2. t. 35.  Corollas 
white. Fruit red, yellow, variegated with red and yellow, and 
dark green, variable in shape. 
Capsicum is called Piment in French, Spanischr Pfeffer in 
German, Peberone in Italian, Chilli in Mexico, and Tschili in 
Hindostan. There are 3 species in cultivation. 1. C. án- 
nuum, the Guinea pepper, though a native of India, endures our 
