SOLANACEJE. X. Arropa. 
ment this virulent poison may become an excellent remedy. 
Besides its narcotic power, it promotes all the secretions; but 
its exhibition requires the greatest caution, for it is apt, when 
continued for any length of time, even in small doses, to cause 
dryness and tension in the throat, vertigo, dimmess of sight. 
When any of these symptoms occur its use must be suspended 
for some time, and afterwards resumed in smaller doses. Deadly 
Nightshade has been exhibited in several febrile diseases, in 
obstinate intermittents, in the plague, in inflammation, the gout, 
in palsy and loss of speech from apoplexy, in chorea, epilepsy, 
hydrophobia, melancholy, mania, dropsies, and obstinate jaun- 
dice; in amaurosis, ophtbalmia, scirrhus, and cancer; and as an 
antidote to the contagion of scarlatina. Deadly Nightshade is 
best exhibited in substance, beginning with a very small dose of 
the leaves or root. In hydrophobia Munch gave the powdered 
root every second morning to the extent of from one to five 
grains to children, and from fourteen to fifteen grains to adults. 
The watery infusion is also a powerful remedy. 
Belladonna, or Common Deadly Nightshade. 
July. Britain. Pl. 2 to 6 feet. 
10 A. rHomsoipea (Gill. et Hook, in bot. misc. 1. p. 135. t. 
37.) plant herbaceous, downy ; leaves rhomboidal-oval, obtuse ; 
peduncles 1-flowered, drooping; corolla glabrous outside. Y. 
F. Native of Chili. Stem somewhat quadrangular, branched. 
Stigma capitate, furrowed, green. Berry oblong, apiculated. 
Seeds large, marginate. Stamens placed much higher upon the 
corolla than in 4. Belladénna, and the style and, inside of the 
corolla are furnished with a belt of hairs. Corolla small, white. 
Rhomboid-leaved Deadly Nightshade. Pl. 1 foot. 
Fl. June, 
T Species doubtful, or not sufficiently known. 
11 A. werpa‘cea (Mill. dict. no. 3.) stem herbaceous; leaves 
ovate, nerved, with undulated margins. Y%.S. Native about 
Campeachy, Houston. Stem sub-excavated, furnished with 2-3 
small branches at top. Leaves 4 inches long, and 3 broad. 
Peduncles short, interfoliaceous. Corollas white, smaller than 
those of 4. Belladónna. 
Herbaceous Deadly Nightshade. PI. 2 feet. 
Cult. The species of A‘tropa are of an easy culture and 
propagation. They will grow in common earth. The shrubby 
kinds are increased by cuttings or seeds, and the herbaceous, 
perennial kinds by seeds, or dividing at the root. 
XI. ANISODUS (from avicoc, anisos, unequal; and odove, 
odous, a tooth; in reference to the inequality of the teeth of the 
calyx.) Link, et Otto, abbild. gart. berol. fasc. 6. p. 77. 
Spreng. gen. 1. p. 159. Nees in Lin. trans. 17. p. 72. Whit- 
léya, Sweet, fl. gard. t. 125. — Nicándra species, Link, et Otto. 
l. c. t. 35. 
Lin. syst. —Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 
angular, 5-cleft; segments unequal. Corolla campanulate, 5- 
lobed ; lobes rounded, gradually smaller. Stamens inclosed, 
inserted in the base of the corolla, straight. Berry 2-celled, 
many-seeded, operculate, inclosed in the erect, coriaceous, in- 
flated, reticulated, 10-ribbed calyx ; operculum 4-valved, mu- 
cronate. Placenta thick, ovate, scrobiculate. Seeds compressed, 
angular, dotted. Albumen fleshy. Embryo peripheric, semi- 
circular, pale; with an obtuse, conical radicle, and semi-cylindri- 
cal cotyledons.—A large, robust, downy, branched, canescent 
plant, with broad leaves ; and solitary, drooping flowers, which 
are of a yellowish green colour at first, but at length becoming 
purplish. 
1 A. tu'ripus (Link, l. c. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 699. Xt. H. 
Native of the Himalaya, on Gosain-than. Nees in Lin. trans. 
17. p. 72. Nicdndra anómala, Link, et Otto, abbild. t. 35. 
VOL. IV. 
XI. Antsopus. 
XII. Nicanpra. XIII. Lycium. 457 
Physalis, stramonifolia, Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 242. Whit- 
léya stramonifólia, Sweet, fl. gard. t. 125. Anisodus stramoni- 
folius, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 61. Stems dichotomous. 
Leaves twin, ovate-elliptic, repandly lobed, attenuated at the 
base, villous beneath. All the tender parts are densely clothed 
with mealy, ferruginous, loose tomentum. Leaves smelling like 
those of tobacco when bruised. 
Lurid Anisodus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 to 7 
feet. 
Cult. This is a strong, coarse growing plant, of the most 
easy culture. 
It will grow in almost any soil, but requires a 
dry situation. 
It is to be increased by division, and by seed. 
XII. NICA’NDRA (so named after Nicander of Colophon, 
priest of Apollo, who lived about the time of Attalus. His 
Georgics are lost: his poems are commended by Cicero, and 
many fragments of them remain in Athenzeus. There is a fine 
manuscript of Nicander at Vienna.—Haller.) Adans. fam. p. 
219. Juss. gen. p. 125. ed. Usteri, p. 140. Geertn. fruct. 
1. p. 237. t. 131. f. 2.—A'tropa, spec. Lin.—Physàlis species, 
Lam.—Calydérmos, Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 44. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Monoginia. Calyx pentagonal, 5- 
parted, inflated ; angles compressed ; segments sagittate. Co- 
rolla campanulate, slightly 5-lobed. Stamens 5, incurved, dis- 
tant, dilated at the base, inclosed; anthers ovate, dehiscing 
lengthwise. Stigma capitate. Berry fleshy, almost dry, 3-5- 
celled, inclosed in the calyx; placentas prominent.—A strong, 
coarse, annual, much branched, glabrous plant. Leaves twin. 
Flowers extra-axillary, solitary, drooping. 
1 N. puysatoipes (Geertn. fruct, 2. p. 237. t. 131. Pers. 
ench. 1. p. 219.) ©. H. JN «ive of Peru; and from Pennsyl- 
vania to Virginia, but is probably only indigenous to Peru. 
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. l. p. 158. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2458. 
Calydérmos erósus, Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 2. p. 44.  A'tropa 
physaloides, Lin. spec. p. 260. Jacq. obs. 4. t. 98.  Physális 
Peruviàna, Mill. dict. no. 16.  Physàlis datureefolia, Lam. dict. 
2. p. 102. no. 15. Thor. chlor. land. p. 74. Alkekéngi am- 
plo flore violaceo, Feuill. per. p. 724. t. 16. Root fibrous. 
Leaves glabrous, sinuated, like those of DatZra. Corolla large, 
blue, rayed, with a white bottom, which is marked with 5 dark 
blue spots. 
Winter-cherry-like Nicandra. 
Pl. 2 to 4 feet. 
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in 
the open border ; and when the plants are up they must be 
planted separately; being large they require a good deal of 
space. 
Fl July, Sept. Clt. 1759. 
XIII. LY'CIUM (derived from Lycia in Asia Minor, hence 
Avxcov, Lycion, of Dioscorides, a name given by him to a thorny 
shrub, which was supposed by Dr. Sibthorp to have been the 
Rhámnus infectórius, but which Mr. Royle, with greater proba- 
bility, regards as identical with a species of Bérberis, which he 
has denominated Bérberis Licium. The name has been applied 
to the present genus, on account of its containing thorny shrubs.) 
Lin. gen. 262, Schreb. gen. no. 343. Geertn. fruct. 2. 
242. t. 132. Juss. gen. p. 126. ed. Usteri, p. 141. Lam. ill. 
t. 112. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 3. p. 50.—Jas- 
minoides, Niss, in act. gall. 1711. Mich. gen. 224. t. 105. 
Lin. syst.  Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, regu- 
larly 5-toothed, or irregularly 3-5-cleft, permanent. Corolla fun- 
nel-shaped, or tubular; limb 5 or 10 cleft, or toothed, imbricate 
in zestivation, sometimes plicate. Stamens 5, usually exserted ; 
jure bearded, and widened at the base; anthers cordate, 
3 
