500 VERBASCIN Æ. 
Lin. syst. Polygàmia, Dicecia. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 
5-cleft. Corolla rotate. Stamens 5, equal, straight, glabrous. 
Anthers reniform, 1-celled, opening by a vertical, longitudinal 
chink, clasping a semicircular connective. Stigma truncate. 
Capsule 2-celled, many-seeded. Seeds small, inserted in 4 
lamelliform placentas. Female flowers without any corolla. 
Pistil as in the hermaphrodite flowers. Rudiments of stamens 
tubercle-formed. 
1 I. perméttis (Nees, l. c.)\—Native of the East Indies, but 
in what particular part is unknown. Plant clothed with soft 
rusty wool. Leaves obovate-cuneiform, acute, tapering into the 
petioles, green above, white beneath, and rusty on the nerves 
and rib beneath. Flowers fasciculately glomerate in the axils 
of the leaves, nutant. Calyx woolly. Corolla glabrous, shorter 
than the calyx. Stem erect, filled with white medulla. Down 
simple. 
Soft Isanthera. PI. ? 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Célsia, p. 499. 
Orver CLXIX. SCROPHULARI'NEE (this order con- 
tains plants agreeing with the genus Scrophularia in particular 
characters.) R. Br. prod. p. 433. D. Don, in edinb. phil. p. 
108. Benth. scroph. ind. p. 15.—Scrophularize and Pediculares, 
part. Juss. gen. p. 99. & 117. Personate part. Lin. nat. ord. 
Calyx 4-5-parted, permanent. Corolla monopetalous, hypo- 
gynous, deciduous, irregular, bilabiate, personate, or ringent, 
imbricate in estivation. Stamens usually 4, didynamous, some- 
times only 2, and sometimes with the rudiment of a fifth. 
Ovarium 2-celled. Style one; stigma 2-lobed, or undivided. 
Fruit capsular, rarely baccate, 2-celled, 2-4-valved. Seeds 
small. Albumen copious. Embryo terete, erect, inclosed, 
straight. Radicle inferior looking to the umbilicus.—Herbs or 
shrubs, various in habit, usually with opposite leaves, Inflo- 
rescence various. 
From the great diversity of form found in this order, and 
from its partaking, both in habit and structure, of those orders 
to which it is more immediately allied ; for example, the group 
Scrophulariée closely approximates them to Ferbáscime and 
Solanàcee ; the Gratidlee connects them with Lentibulàrece ; 
the Antirrhinec and Gerardiéce with Chelónec and Bignoniàcece; 
the Calceolaree with Gesneriacee ; the Euphrasiée with Rhi- 
nanthacee ; and their affinity to Verbenàcec is clearly establish- 
ed through the Buddleiec. The Verbéscine approach so closely 
to the first group as to be only distinguished by their symmetri- 
cal flowers. 
The greater part of Linnzeus’s Didynàmia Angiospérmia are 
found in this order. Capsular fruit and didynamous stamens 
being amongst the most obvious characteristics of the order. 
The species are natives of all parts of the world. Some of the 
plants of this order are highly ornamental, as Digitàlis, Calceo- 
lària, Verónica, Russélia, Alonsda, Linària, Maurándya, An- 
tirrhinum, Gerárdia, Mimulus, Collinsia, &c.; others are mere 
weeds. Most of them have a weak, unpleasant smell, a bitter- 
ish taste, and acrid and suspicious properties ; the taste is refresh- 
ing in Mimulus lüteus, which is a culinary plant in Peru, and the 
ordinary acrid properties become emollient in some Antirrhi- 
nums. The leaves and roots of Scrophulària aquática, Gra- 
fiola officinàlis, and Peruviàna and Calceolaria act as purga- 
IV. IsANTHERA. 
SCROPHULARINEZE. 
tives, or, in strong doses, produce vomiting ; these proper- 
ties exist in a high degree in Digitalis purpürea. The leaves 
of this plant reduced to powder excite vomiting and vertigo, 
excite urine and saliva, and lower the pulse; in too strong doses 
they cause death; in moderate doses they are useful in scro- 
phula, dropsy, asthma, &c. 
Synopsis of the genera. 
Trise I. 
Scrornutarie’®. Calyx deeply 5-parted ; segments dilated, 
with scarious edges, imbricate in estivation. Corolla tubular, 
or campanulate, ventricose ; limb bilabiate, 5-lobed. Stamens 
4, fertile, didynamous; cells of anthers confluent at apex, 
inserted in a fleshy connective. Stigma capitate, or 2-lobed. 
Capsule crustaceous ; dissepiment double, fixed to the inflexed 
margins of the valves, placentiferous on both sides. Testa of 
seeds thick, spongy, corrugated. Albumen fleshy. Embryo 
almost the length of the albumen.—Shrubs and herbs. Leaves 
opposite and alternate. Flowers terminal, racemose, yellow, 
purple or scarlet. 
1 Dierra‘tis. Corolla tubular, declinate; lower lip the longest. 
2 Isorrr'xis. Corolla tubular, incurved ; upper lip the longest. 
3 Scropnuta‘r1a. Corolla with a subglobose tube, and a 
very unequal limb. H 
4 Atonsoa. Corolla subrotate, resupinate from the twisting 
of the pedicels. 
5 RUssE'LIA. 
bipartible. 
Corolla tubular, straight. Valves of capsule 
Tax II. 
AwriRHi/NEE, Calyx deeply 5-parted, imbricate in æsti- 
vation. Corolla personate, ventricose ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate. 
Stamens 4, fertile, didynamous, sometimes with the rudiment 
of a fifth. Cells of anthers distinct at top. Stigma 2-lobed. 
Capsule crustaceous ; dissepiment undivided ; placentas spongy, 
adnate. Seeds with a thick, spongy, corrugated, or cellular 
testa. Albumen fleshy. Embryo almost the length of the 
seeds.—Herbs or sub-shrubs. Leaves opposite, or alternate. 
Flowers terminal, spicately racemose, or axillary solitary. 
6 AnrirrutNum. Corolla personate, saccate, or gibbous at 
the base. Capsule opening by 3 valvate pores under the apex; 
rarely by 2 irregular holes. 
7 LisA'Ria. Corolla personate, spurred at the base. Cap- 
sule opening by 2 lids at top, or by 4-10-tooth-formed, or valve- 
formed parts. 
8 Anarrui'num. Corolla bilabiate, spurred, or spurless at 
the base ; throat open and naked. Capsule opening by 2 
valve-formed lids at top. 
9 GarvEsra. Corolla bilabiate ; throat naked ; tube elon- 
gated, gibbous at the base. Capsule bursting irregularly under 
the apex. 
10 Maura’npya. Corolla personate, gibbous at the base. 
Capsule dehiscing by 10 teeth at apex. 
11 Lopnosre’rmum. Corolla bilabiate ; tube wide, gibbous 
at the base. Capsule dehiscing irregularly under the apex. 
