504 
Tribe I. 
SCROPHULARIE’& (this tribe contains plants agreeing 
with Scrophularia in the characters indicated below.) D. Don, 
in edinb. phil. journ. 19. p. 110. July, Oct. 1835. Calyx 
deeply 5-parted ; segments usually dilated, with scarious mar- 
gins, imbricate in estivation. Corolla tubular or campanulate, 
ventricose ; limb 5-lobed, bilabiate. Stamens 4, didynamous, 
often with the rudiment of a fifth. Cells of anthers confluent at 
apex, inserted into a fleshy connective. Stigma capitate or 
2-lobed. Capsule crustaceous; dissepiment double, formed 
from the bent-in margins of the valves, placentiferous on both 
sides. Testa of seed thick, spongy, corrugated. Albumen 
fleshy, nearly the length of the albumen.—Herbs or shrubs, 
mostly natives of Europe. Leaves opposite and alternate. 
Flowers terminal, racemose, yellow or purple. This tribe 
comes near to Verbascinee in habit more than in character. 
I. DIGITA'LIS (so named from the resemblance of the 
flower to the finger of a glove, digitale, or from the adjective 
digitàlis, of or belonging to a finger. Parkinson says, some 
thinking Foxglove to be a foolish name, do call them finger 
flowers, because they are like unto the fingers of a glove, the 
ends cut off.) Fuschs. hist. p. 892. Tourn. inst. p. 165. t. 73. 
Lin. gen. no. 758. Schreb. gen. no. 1017. Juss. gen. p. 120. 
ed. Usteri, p. 135. — Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 247. t. 53. Lindl. 
dig. mon.—Campánula, Trag. kreut. 2. cap. p. 125.—Virga 
règia Cesalp. pl. 348.— Gesneéria spec. Lin. hort. cliff. p. 318. 
Lin. syst. Didynàmia, Angiospérmia. Calyx unequal. Co- 
rolla tubular at the base, funnel-shaped : limb obliquely 4-lobed : 
upper segment much shorter than the lower one or lip, and is, 
as well as it imbricate in zestivation. The rudiment of the fifth; 
stamen hardly conspicuous. Stigma simple, or bilamellate. 
Capsule ovate, acuminated.—Herbs with alternate leaves, and 
terminal racemes of secund, bracteate, drooping flowers. 
$ 1. Corolla oblong-ventricose ; upper segment transverse. 
Stamens shorter than the tube. 
1 D. purpurea (Fuschs. hist. 892. t. 893. Lin. spec. 866.) 
leaves oblong, rugose, crenated; calycine segments ovate-ob- 
long ; segments of corolla tiusverse, acute; peduncles straight, 
about equal in length to the calyxes. 2/. H. Native of Eu- 
rope, as of Denmark, Germany, Switzerland ; Britain, in sandy 
gravelly soils near London ; it grows plentifully about Charlton 
wood, Norwood, &c. — Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 247. t. 53. Curt. fl. 
lond. fasc. 1. t. 48. Woodv. med. bot. 71. t. 24. Oed. fl. dan. 
t. 74. Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. p. 222. Lindl. dig. t. 2. 
Stev. et Church, med. bot. 1. t. 18.—Blackw. t. 16.—Riv. mon. 
t. 104.—Lob. icon. 1. p. 572. f. 1, 2.—Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. 8. 
f. l. Plant pubescent. Corollas large, purple, marked inside 
with dark purple spots, which are edged with white. The 
colour, however, varies from dark purple to cream-colour and 
white. 
Foxglove has been analysed by Destouches. Four ounces of 
the dried leaves yielded successively 9 drachms of watery and 
78 grains of alcoholic extract. The first was brown, smooth, 
and of a consistence fit for making pills. The second had a 
very deep green colour, a virose and disagreeable smell, the con- 
sistence of tallow, but more tenacious, did not furnish ammonia 
by distillation, and was not acted upon by acids. The ashes 
contained salts of lime and potass. The effects of Foxglove 
when taken into the stomach are to diminish the frequency of 
the pulse, and the irritability of the system ; and to increase the 
action of the absorbents, and the discharge by urine. In exces- 
sive doses it produces vomiting, dimness of sight, vertigo, deli- 
rium, hiecough, convulsions, collapse, and death. For these 
symptoms the best remedies are cordials and stimulants. Jnter- 
nally Digitalis has been recommended. 1. In inflammatory 
diseases, from its very remarkable power of diminishing the 
SCROPHULARINE. 
I. Dicrraris. 
velocity of the circulation. 2. In active hemorrhages, and 
phthisis. 3. In some spasmodic affections, as in spasmodic 
asthma, palpitation, &c. 4. In mania from effusion on the brain. 
5. In anasarcous and dropsical effusions. 6. In scrophulous 
tumours. 7. In aneurism of the aorta, and hypertrophy of the 
heart. Externally it has been applied to scrophulous tumours. 
It may be exhibited—1. In substance, either by itself, or con- 
joined with some aromatic, or made into pills, with soap or gum 
ammoniac. Withering directs the leaves to be gathered before 
the plant comes into flower; he rejects the petioles and midrib, 
and dries the remaining part either in the sunshine or before the 
fire. In this state they are easily reduced to fine green powder, 
which is given in doses of one grain twice a day, and the dose is 
gradually increased until it acts upon the kidneys, stomach, pulse, 
or bowels, when its use must be laid aside, or suspended. 2. 
In infusion : the same author directs a drachm of dried leaves to 
be infused for 4 hours in eight ounces of boiling water, and an 
ounce of any spirituous water to be added to the strained liquor 
for its preservation. Half an ounce, or an ounce of this infusion 
may be given twice a day. 3. In decoction. Darwin directs 
that four ounces of the fresh leaves be boiled in two pounds of 
water, until they are reduced to one, and that half an ounce of 
the strained decoction be taken every two hours, for four or 
more doses. 4. In tincture, put one ounce of the dried leaves, 
coarsely powdered, into four ounces of diluted alcohol: let the 
mixture stand by the fire-side 24 hours, frequently shaking the 
bottle, and the saturated tincture, as Darwin calls it, must then 
be separated from the residuum by standing, or decantation. 
Twenty drops of the tincture were directed to be taken twice or 
thrice a day, but the dose is dangerous. The Edinburgh college 
use eight ounces of diluted alcohol to one of the powder, but let 
it digest seven days. 5. The expressed juice and extracts are 
not proper forms of exhibiting this very active remedy.— Wood- 
ville and Duncan. 
Var. albiflora; flowers white. 2/. H. Native along with 
the species.— Gerard. emac. 790. f. 2. 
Purple-flowered, or Common Foxglove. Fl. Clt. Pl. 3 to 5 feet. 
2 D. Tua'rsi (Lin. spec. 867.) leaves oblong, rugose, crenated, 
undulated, decurrent; calycine segments ovate; segments of 
corolla ovate-roundish ; peduncles slender, arched, much longer 
than the calyx. %. H. Native of Spain, Portugal, Savoy, 
&c. Smith, exot. bot. p. 83. t. 43. Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. p. 
993. t. 30. Lindl. dig. p. 10. t. 3. D. verbascifólia, Bocc. 
mus. t. 85. D. Hispánica purpürea minor, Tourn. inst. p. 165. 
— Barrel. icon. 1183. Plant tomentose, in habit much like D. 
purpürea. Corollas purple; throat pale, marked with blood 
red dots. 
Var. B, intermèdia (Lindl. dig. p. 11. t. 4.) stems simple, 
taller; segments of corolla obsolete. X4. H. Native of Por- 
tugal about Cintra and Grandola. D. purpürea, Tab. icon. t. 
568. D. tomentdsa, Hoffm. et Link, fl. port. p. 220. t. 20. 
Sims, bot. mag. 2194.— Besl. hort. eyst. ord. 1. fol. 2. f. 2. 
Mullien-like Foxglove. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1752. B. 
1818. Pl. 2 to 4 feet. . 
3 D. mryor (Lin. mant. p. 567. syst. ed. 13. p. 470.) radical 
leaves recurved to the ground, lanceolate, flat, denticulated ; 
racemes few-flowered ; segments of corolla ovate-roundish, 
dilated, quite glabrous: superior one bifid ; peduncles 3-times 
longer than the calyxes. 2t. H. Native of Spain. Sims, bot. 
mag. 2160. Lindl. dig. p. 12. t. 5, 6. D. Hispánica purpt- 
rea, minor, Tourn. inst. p. 165. Stem glabrous, or downy. 
Leaves glabrous above, downy beneath : upper ones quite entire. 
Corolla purplish, large for the size of the plant, marked by many 
spots inside, 
Smaller Foxglove. 
$ foot. 
4 D. AuBI'GUA (Murr. comm. goett. p. 6. Lin. syst. p. 562.) 
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. Pl. à to 
