SCROPHULARINEZ. VII. Livaria. 527 
fr. 3. p. 539. Chav. antirrh. p. 148.) quite glabrous; leaves 
linear, flat, acute: lower ones and those of the surculi verticil- 
late: superior ones alternate; flowers in loose racemes; seg- 
ments of the calyx linear, longer than the corolla. ©. H. Na- 
tive of the South of France, about Montpelier ; Cevennes, near 
Florae; South of Italy ; Sicily; Corsica; Dalmatia; in Syria, 
near Aleppo ; Islands of Scio, and Cyprus ; and the Peloponne- 
sus. Tenor. syll. p. 303. Ant. álbum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 345. 
L. alba, Moench. meth. p. 521. Ant. Chalepénse, Lin. spec. 
p. 859. Sibth. et Smith, fl. grec. t. 592. Ant. osyris, Cyr. 
pl. rar. 2. p. 22. t. 9. but not of Fisch. Linaria ánnua angus- 
tifdlia, flosculis albis longius caudatis, Triumph. obs. 87. t. 87. 
f. 2. Tourn. inst. p. 171. Osyris alba, Lob. icon. t. 408.— 
Mor. hist. 2. p. 502. sect. 5. t. 35. f. 9.—Riv. mon. irr. t. 80. 
f. 2. Root white. Leaves 1-2 inches long. Flowers on 
short pedicels. Corolla small, white; spur slender, arched, 
longer than the corolla; palate yellowish, sometimes marked by 
a few violet lines. Capsule dehiscing by 6 deep teeth. Seeds 
AE a truncate at apex, narrowed at the base, scrobi- 
culate. 
Aleppo Toad-Flax. 
1} foot. 
67 L. Canave'nsts (Dum. Cours. bot. cult. ed. 1st. vol. 2. p. 
96. Chay. antirrh. p. 149. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3474.) leaves 
linear, remote, glabrous, usually alternate ; those of the surculi 
broader, opposite, or 3 in a whorl ; raceme loose, slender, atte- 
nuated upwards; pedicels longer than the bracteas ; calycine 
segments acute, downy. ©.H. Native of North America, 
from Canada to Florida; and South America, in Brazil, Peru, 
and Chili, &c. Ant. Canadénse, Lin. spec. p. 861. Vent. cels. 
t. 49. Ant. paucifldrum, Poepp. in herb. D. C. with whitish 
flowers.—Gron. virg. p. 94. Plant with a slender habit. 
Leaves } to l inch, acute. Flowers distant, nutant. Pedicels 
downy. Corolla pale violet; lower lip deflexed ; palate white, 
rather depressed ; spur subulate, arched, acute, length of co- 
rola. Capsule nearly globose, dehiscing by 6-8 teeth. Seeds 
prismatically tetragonal, furrowed, truncate at both ends, brown. 
Canadian Toad-Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. 1 
to 11 foot. 
68 L. purpu‘rea (Mill. dict. ed. 8th. no. 5. Moench. meth. 
p.522. Chav. antirrh. p. 150.) quite glabrous, branched, erect ; 
leaves linear, or linear-lanceolate ; lower and surculine ones 4-9 
in a whorl: superior ones 3 in a whorl, opposite or alternate; 
raceme elongated ; calycine segments linear, acute, spreading a 
little. g¢.or ). H. Native of the South of Europe; at the 
bottom of Mount Vesuvius ; Naples, in vineyards and on hills ; 
South of Italy ; Sicily ; Greece; Tunis, in fields ; Switzerland, 
but probably migrated from gardens. L. purpuráscens, Bernh. 
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1680. Pl. 1 to 
mss. Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 573. Ant. purpüreum, Lin. 
spec. p. 853. Geertn. fruct. 1. p. 249. t. 58. Curt. bot. mag. 
t. 99. Sibth. et Smith, fl. graec. t. 589.— Riv. mon. irr. 82.— 
Mor. hist. sect. 5. t. 12. f. 16.— Barrel. icon. t. 1021.  Linària 
purpürea major odorata, Tourn. inst. p. 170. Root fibrous. 
Stems purplish-green, usually spotted with purple above. 
Leaves glaucescent, about an inch long. Flowers in loose 
racemes ; pedicels 2-3 in a fascicle. Corolla purplish blue ; 
upper lip short; spur arched, length of corolla; palate bearded 
with white hairs along the edges; tube striped with purple. 
Capsule compressed, emarginate at top. Seeds subprismatic, 
corrugated, black. 
Purple-flowered Toad-Flax. Fl. July, Sept. 
Pl. 2 to 4 feet. 
69 L. srria‘ra (D. C. fl. fr. 3. p. 586. and 5. p. 407. Chav. 
antirrh. p. 152.) quite glabrous; branches erect or ascending, 
branched ; leaves usually linear, verticillate or alternate; those 
of the surculi 4-5 in a whorl; flowers racemose ; calycine seg- 
ments linear-lanceolate or linear, acute. 2t. H. Native of 
Clt. 1694. 
France, in waste fields ; Pyrenees; Switzerland; Piedmont ; 
Dalmatia, &c. L. stricta, Horn. hort.’ hafn. 2. p. 675. ex 
Rchb. pl. crit. 5. t. 610. but not of Guss. with a yellowish 
corolla. Ant. striàtum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 343. dict. 4. p. 351. 
exclusive of the syn. of Lin. Ant. répens, Lin. spec. p. 854. 
Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 658. engl. bot. 1253. Ant. purpüreum, 
Schkuhr, handb. t. 172. ex Rchb. but not of Lin. L. decüm- 
bens, Moench. meth. 523. Oréntium supinum, Villem. phyt. 
1. p. 408. Root rhizomatose, creeping, branched, tubercled, 
fibrous, yellowish. Leaves 1-2 inches long.  Racemes loose. 
Corolla whitish-grey, rarely yellowish, striated with violet ; 
palate yellow, bearded; spur bluntish, much shorter than the 
corolla. Capsule dehiscing by 6 valves at apex. Valves gene- 
rally bifid. Seeds oblong, truncate, a little curved, keeled, 
tubercled, blackish. 
Var. B, Monspessulàna (Chav. antirrh. p. 152.) leaves nar- 
row, for the most part alternate, crowded, erect. 2t. H. Na- 
tive of France, about Marseilles and Montpelier, in arid places. 
L. Monspessulàna, Mill. dict. no. 6. Dum. Cours. bot. cult. 
ed. Ist. vol. 2. p. 95. Ant. répens, 3, Monspessulànum, Pers. 
ench. 2. p. 166. exclusive of the syn. of Lam.—Dill. elth. p. 
198. t. 163. f. 197. Linaria capillaceo folio odora, Tourn. inst. 
170. Corollas deeper coloured than the species, and the plant 
much taller, and more erect. 
Var. y, tristis (Chav. antirrh. p. 152.) leaves stiff, trique- 
trous, acutely keeled on the back, and channelled in front; 
palate of corolla yellow ; and both lips dirty white, and lined 
with violet. 2. H. Native of Mauritania, near Termignon 
and Lans-le-Bourg. 
Var. à, galioides (Chav. antirrh. p. 152.) leaves 4-6 in a 
whorl; whorls sometimes distant and sometimes approximate. 
34. H. Native of the Pyrenees, in low places, &c. Ant. gali- 
oides, Lam. dict. 4. p. 351. Plant simple, or branched at 
top. 
V HM Toad-Flax. 
and y.? Pl. 1 to 8 feet. 
70 L. comiróLiA (Desf. cor. inst. Tourn. p. 32. t. 22. 
Chav. antirrh. 154.) quite glabrous ; leaves linear-subulate, 
alternate ; those of the surculi subverticillate; flowers race- 
mose, on short pedicels ; calycine segments linear, acute. %. 
H. Native of Asia Minor.  Linària orientàlis cori folio, flore 
leucophceo, Tourn. cor. inst. p. 9. Root fibrous, elongated. 
Leaves 4-8 lines long. Corollas size of those of L. purpurea, 
whitish-violet; lobes of the upper lip narrow; spur straight, 
short, acute, slender. Capsule unknown. 
Coris-leaved Toad-Flax. Pl. 1 to 11 foot. 
Fl. July, Oct. a. England, £. 
* * * Style thickened at top; stigma somewhat emarginate. 
Seeds discoid, with ciliated edges. (Chav. antirrh. t. 5. 
f. 30.) 
71 L. PzrissERIA'NA (D. C. fl. fr. 8. p. 589. Chav. antirrh. 
p. 154.) glabrous, nearly simple; leaves linear, usually alter- 
nate ; those of the surculi ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 in a whorl; 
flowers subcapitate, crowded ; calycine segments linear, very 
acute. ©. H. Native of the South and middle of France; 
Eastern Pyrenees ; South of Italy, on dry hills; Sicily; Corsica, 
and Sardinia; Candia; Greece; about Constantinople; Syria, and 
Peloponnesus. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. vol. 4. p. 14. Guss. prod. 
fl. sic. 1. p. 164. Ant. Pelisseriànum, Lin. spec. 855. Sibth. et 
Smith, fl. graec. t. 591.—Cup. pamph. 1. t. 229. Rafin. t. 101. 
f. 1. ex Guss.— Barrel. icon. 1162.—Buxb. cent. 1. p. 25. f. 2. 
Leaves beyond half an inch long. Corolla purplish-violet ; 
palate white, with violet veins ; spur straight, long, acute. 
Capsule emarginate at top, dehiscing by 6 teeth. 
Var. B, gracilis (Chav. antirrh. p. 155.) plant simple, very 
slender; flowers smaller, and pale blue. (2. H. Native about 
Montpelier and the Southern provinces of France, not far from 
