. SCROPHULARINE/E, LXXXI. PavLLoropiUM. 
hardly bigger than a large pea. External floral leaves forming 
a kind of involucrum to the young heads of flowers. Divisions 
of the calyx obtuse, deeply cleft. Corolla minute, reddish ? 
Capitate-flowered Phyllopodium. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. 
Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 
3 P. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Benth. l. c.) plant small, hairy, branch- 
ed at the base; branches erect ; lower leaves petiolate, ovate, a 
little toothed : superior ones few, linear: floral ones linear-lan- 
ceolate: outer ones exceeding the ciliated calyxes; spikes capi- 
tate, becoming at length oblong and rather loose in the fructi- 
ferous state ; stamens shorter than the limb of the corolla. ©. 
G. Native near the Cape, from Zwartland to Caledon. Ma- 
nülea heterophylla, Lin. syst. 569. suppl. 285. Thunb. fl. cap. 
469. Perhaps a variety of the preceding; but much more 
slender, with looser heads of flowers. Corolla apparently yel- 
low, Benth. 
Various-leaved Phyllopodium. PI. 4 foot. 
4 P. rv'urzuu (Benth. 1. c.) erect, smoothish ; leaves petio- 
late, ovate: superior ones oblong: floral ones ovate, very 
blunt, downy, equal in length to the calyxes; spikes capitate, 
few-flowered ; stamens equalling the limb of the corolla. ©. 
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Groen river, in 
Clanwilliam. More slender than the last, with smaller heads, 
and rather larger flowers. 
Dwarf Phyllopodium. Pl. 1 foot. 
5 P. pirru'sum (Benth. l. c.) smoothish, or scarcely hairy, 
much branched; leaves ovate or oblong, toothed, narrowed a 
long way into the petioles: floral ones linear, hardly exceeding 
the calyxes; spikes elongated, loose. ©). G. Native of the 
Cape of Good Hope, in the Uitenhage district. Branches pro- 
cumbent. Flowers not so small as in the other species. 
Diffuse Phyllopodium. Pl. procumbent, a foot long. 
6 P. snacrEA' TUM (Benth. 1. c.) much branched, diffuse ; 
branches downy ; leaves petiolate, ovate, toothed, glabrous: 
floral ones similar ; spikes long; flowers all remote ; calyxes 
hardly longer than the petioles of the floral leaves. ©. G. 
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the Uitenhage district, 
near Addo and Enon, Drége; Olifant’s river, Ecklon. This 
Species is remarkable for its long loose branches, and especially 
for the broadly expanded limb of the floral leaves, Benth. 
Bracteate-flowered Phyllopodium. — Pl. diffuse. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Polycaréna, p. 588. 
LXXXII. SPHENA'NDRA (from o@ny, sphen, a wedge ; and 
avnp avópoc aner andros, a male; in allusion to the wedge- 
shaped anthers.) Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 373.— Manülea 
species, Thunb. et Lin.—Buchnéra species of Ait. 
Lin. syst. Didynamia, Angiospérmia. Calyx 5-parted. 
Corolla deciduous; tube very short; limb rotate; segments 5, 
roundish, nearly equal. Stamens 4, exserted, somewhat ascend- 
ing; anthers cuneated, all similar.—An erect shrub, clothed 
with clammy pubescence. Leaves for the most part opposite, 
oblong-lanceolate, few-toothed : floral ones free, much shorter 
than the pedicels, ovate, quite entire, very acute. Stamens by 
pairs, nearly equal. 
l S. viscdsa (Benth. 1. c.) h. G. Native of the Cape of 
Good Hope, in the Carro desert and Carroid districts. Buch- 
néra viscósa, L'her. stirp. 2. t. $4. Ait. hort. kew. ed. Ist. vol. 
2. p. 357. Curt. bot. mag. 7. t. 217. Manilea viscósa, Willd. 
enum. 652. .Manülea cerilea, Thunb. fl. cap. 467. Flowers 
purple, bluish, or red. Style exserted. 
Clammy Sphenandra. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 
to 2 feet. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Nycterinia, p. 587. 
LXXXII. SruzxaNpna. LXXXIII. Cuznostoma. 589 
LXXXIII. CHZENO'STOMA (from yaww, chaino, to gape ; 
and oropa, stoma, a mouth; in reference to the wide throat of 
the corolla.) Benth. in Hook. comp. 1. p. 374.—Manülea 
Hose of Thunb. and Vent.—Buchnéra species, Andr. and 
ers. 
Lin. syst.  Didynàmia, Angiospérmia. Calyx 5-parted. 
Corolla deciduous, funnel-shaped or salver-shaped, rarely with 
a short subcampanulate tube; throat dilated; limb almost 
equally 5-cleft ; segments obovate or roundish. Stamens didy- 
namous ; anthers all similar, equal in height to the throat, or 
exserted.—Herbs or under-shrubs, natives of South Africa, not 
becoming blackish on drying. Leaves nearly all opposite, tooth- 
ed, rarely quite entire: floral ones similar, or bractea-formed, 
free from the pedicels. Flowers axillary or racemose, on longish 
pedicels. Capsule glabrous. 
* Tube of corolla hardly exserted, or shorter than the 
Decale: 
1 C. gorunpIiròLIUM (Benth. l. c.) suffruticose, smoothish ; 
leaves small, petiolate, roundish-obovate, deeply toothed, thick- 
ish, green on both surfaces; pedicels axillary, a little longer 
than the glabrous calyx; corolla funnel-shaped; tube shorter 
than the calyx. b. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
Branches apparently procumbent. Flowers few, small, towards 
the summits of the branches. 
Round-leaved Chenostoma. Shrub procumbent. 
2 C. rAvcrrLóRuM (Benth. l. c.) suffruticose, pubescent ; 
leaves petiolate, obovate-roundish, toothed, downy on both sur- 
faces; pedicels axillary, rather longer than the calyx, which is 
hispid ; corolla funnel-shaped : tube shorter than the calyx. 
h. G. Native of South Africa, at Nieuweveldsbergen, in 
Beaufort, Drége; Krakakamma, in Uitenhage, Ecklon.— 
Nearly allied to C. rotundifolia, but the flowers are nearly 
twice the size. Drége's specimens are more hairy than Ecklou's, 
Benth. 
Fem-flowered Chaenostoma. Shrub procumbent ? 
3 C. cauPANULA TUM (Benth. l. c.) suffruticose, villous ; 
leaves ovate, toothed ; racemes loose, many-flowered ; calyx 
hispid, with linear-lanceolate segments ; corolla subcampanulate, 
with a very short tube, about twice as long as the calyx. h. 
G. Native of South Africa, at Zuurebergen and Zwartehoog- 
den, in Uitenhage and Albany, Ecklon and Drége; on the Key 
river, in Tambukiland, Ecklon. Leaves about half an inch long, 
generally irregularly toothed, and contracted at the base. Sta- 
mens very unequal in length; the longer pair rather shorter 
than the corolla, which appears to be blue. 
Campanulate-flowered Chaenostoma. Shrub. 
4 C. catycr'num (Benth. 1. c.) suffruticose, smoothish ; leaves 
oblong-lanceolate, toothed, glabrous or canescent beneath ; calyx 
smoothish, with subulate segments, hardly one half shorter than 
the subcampanulate corolla. h.G. Native of South Africa, 
in the Amakosa country, between the rivers Gehau and Bashe, 
Drége.— Habit almost of Sphenándra viscósa, but more slender, 
and flowers more numerous. Corolla like that of C. campanu- 
làtum, but smaller. 
Var. B, laxiflorum (Benth. 1. c.) flowers more loose; calyx 
much smaller. h.G. Native on the rivers Bashe and Wind- 
vogelberg. Perhaps a distinct species. 
Large-calyxed Chaenostoma. Shrub. 
5 C. procu’mpens (Benth. l. c.) suffruticose, humble, much 
branched ; leaves oval-oblong, a little toothed, obtuse, green on 
both surfaces, thickish ; racemes few-flowered ; pedicels longer 
than the calyxes ; corolla funnel-shaped: tube equal in length 
to the calyx, or hardly exceeding it. 5. G. Native of the 
Cape of Good Hope, on the Fish river, Drége. Branches 
