RHINANTHACEE. 
the silver penny. Its other appellation of Cockscomb is derived 
from the appearance of the upper leaves, or bracteas, which 
accompany the flowers. Mr. Miller says, that the Dutch for- 
merly carried on a trade with the seeds and seed vessels of a 
species of this genus to Germany. They call it Semen Sava- 
dillos, and it appears very like the seed vessels of this sort. 
The use they make of it is to kill vermin, especially bugs. 
They boil a quantity of the seeds and capsules in common 
water, with which they wash their wainscot, bedsteads, &c. 
and it is said effectually to destroy the insects. 
Cockscomb, or Common Yellow Rattle. 
Britain. Pl. 1 to 14 foot. 
2 R. ma‘sor (Ehrh. herb. 56. beitr. 6. p. 144.) stem much 
branched; leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated; bracteas taper- 
pointed ; calyx smooth ; style prominent; seeds slightly bor- 
dered. ©. H. Native of Europe, in corn fields; in the 
north of England, in Yorkshire, Northumberland, Durham, &c. 
R. Crísta-gálli, y, of authors, 9. Lin. spec. 840. R. Alectoró- 
lophus, Poll. pall. no. 580. Hoffm. fl. germ. 215. Roth. fl. 
germ. I. p. 264. 2. p. 58. Corolla yellow, with a purple 
upper lip; tube incurved. 
Larger Yellow Rattle. 
3 feet. 
3 R. urnsu'rA (Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 353.) stem branched ; leaves 
lanceolate, serrated ; style inclosed ; ? calyx hairy ; seeds with 
a membranous border. (9. H. Native of Middle Europe, as 
of France, Switzerland, &c. in dry pastures. Mimulus Alecto- 
rólophus, Scop. carn. no. 752. ` Álectorólophus hirsütus, All. 
ped. no. 201.—Hall. helv. no. 314. Crísta-gálli mas. Bauh. 
hist. 3. p. 436. R. crísta-gálli, y, Lin. spec. 840. Corolla 
yellow, with a purplish upper lip.? Perhaps a variety of R. 
crista-galli. 
Hairy-calyxed Yellow Rattle. Pl. 1 foot. 
Cult. Sow the seeds in moist soil, and they will grow and 
flower in cultivation. 
Fl. June, July. 
Fl July, Aug. Britain. Pl. 2 to 
II. ELEPHAS (from elephas, an elephant; from the resem- 
blance of the upper lip of the corolla to the proboscis of that 
animal) Column. ecphr. 1. p. 186. t. 181. Tourn. cor. 48. 
itin, 2. p. 299. t. 299. Rhinánthus, Stev. mon. ped. p. 3.— 
Rhinánthus species of authors. 
Lin. syst. Didynàmia, Angiospérmia. Calyx bipartite, even 
to the base : lower lip bipartite: upper lip entire, or bidentate. 
Upper lip of corolla beak-like, tubular: lower lip trifid. Cap- 
sule 2-celled, 2-valved, obtuse, compressed. Seeds few, simple, 
striated.—Erect, annual, hairy, branched plants. Leaves oppo- 
Site, serrated. Flowers opposite, disposed in terminal bracteate 
racemes or spikes. Corollas yellow. 
C. INCU'RVA ; upper lip of corolla subulate, incurved ; 
calyx 4-cleft, the first under the beak of the corolla, the lateral 
ones reflexed on both sides, and the fourth straight and obtuse. 
©. H. Native of the Levant.  Rhinánthus orientalis, Lin. 
Spec. 840. Mill. dict. no. 2. E’lephas orientalis flore magno, 
Proboscide incurvà, Tourn. cor. p. 48. itin. 2. p. 96. & 126. 
with a figure. Tournefort says this is one of the most showy 
plants that the Levant produces. 
: Incurved-beaked Elephas. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. PI. 
oot. 
2 C. RE'crA ; upper lip of corolla subulate, straight ; calyx 
trifid, 2 of the segments reflexed, and the third larger, straight, 
Plicate, and acute. ©. H. Native of Italy and Siberia, in 
Shady places; on the coast of the Black Sea, by Tournefort ; 
also of Caucasus. E'lephas orientalis, Bieb. cauc, 2. p. 69. 
Rhinánthus élephas, Lin. spec. 840. Lerche, in nov. act. A. 
N. C. 85. append. 183. E'lephas Campoclarénsium, Col. ecphr. 
l. p. 186. t. 188.— E'lephas Itálica, flore magno, proboscide sur- 
I. Ruiwantuvs. 
619 
rectá, Tourn. cor. 48.—Mor. hist. 3. p. 432. sect. 11. t. 24. f. 
14. Habit of the preceding. 
Var. f, parviflora; flowers smaller. (5. H. Native of the 
Levant. Elephas orientalis flore parvo, proboscide surrectá, 
Tourn. cor. p. 48. itin. 3. p. 54. 
Straight-beaked Elephas. Fl. July, Aug. 
13 foot. 
Cult. For culture and propagation see Rhindnthus above. 
II. ErrzPHas. III. Prpicuranis. 
(1t:/1759 BP 
III. PEDICULA'RIS (from pediculus, a louse; from its sup- 
posed quality of making sheep that feed on it lousy.) Tourn. 
cor. t. 77. Lin. gen. 794. Schreb. gen. no. 1067. Rottb, in 
coll. hafn. 2. p. 255. Gaertn. fruct. 1. p. 246. t. 53. f. 5. 
Lam. ill. 517. Schkuhr, handb. t. 171. Stev. mon. ped. 
Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 424. 
Lin, syst.  Didynàmia, Angiospérmia. Calyx 5-cleft or 5- 
toothed, or unequally 2-3-toothed. Upper lip of corolla galeate, 
elongated, usually incurved : lower lip trifid, closed, or often 
spreading. Stamens didynamous. Cells of anthers usually acute, 
but sometimes obtuse and spurred. Stigma subcapitate. Cap- 
sule obliquely mucronate, rarely globose and straight; valves 
entire. Seeds girded by a membranous testa, rarely naked.— 
Usually simple herbs. Leaves alternate, opposite, or verticil- 
late, deeply toothed or pinnatifid. Flowers sessile, disposed in 
dense, terminal, interrupted spikes. 
Sect. I. Persona‘rz (so named from the personate corollas.) 
Stev. mon. ped. p. 17. Leaves opposite. Lower lip of corolla 
erect, ex Stev. Lips of corolla closed, ex Benth. 
1 P. cnANDIFLORA (Fisch, in. mem. nat. cur. mosq. 3. p. 60. 
no. 3. Stev. mon. p. 17. t. 2.) galea of the corolla, which is 
closed, falcate ; leaves tripinnatifid. 2/. H. Native of Dauria. 
Plant glabrous. Radical leaves a span long. Flowers rather 
remote. Bracteas broad, jagged. Calyx of P. scéptrum. Co- 
rolas purple. Filaments villous at the base. Cells of anthers 
awned. 
Great-flonered Lousewort. PI. 13 foot. 
2 P. sce’prrum Carorinum (Lin. spec. 845.) lips closed ; co- 
rolla nearly equal; galea obtuse; leaves pinnatifid: lobes ovate, 
crenulated ; stem few-leaved. 2/. H. Native from Bothnia to 
Dauria, in boggy or spongy parts of woods; in Russia, to lat. 
550; in Europe, not further south than the tops of the alps of 
Salisburgh. Fl. dan. t. 26. Rudb. itin. 1. t. 1. Lin. fl. lapp. 
no. 948. t. 4. f. 4, 5. Plant glabrous. Spike interrupted. 
Flowers twin or tern. Lower bracteas leafy : upper ones ovate, 
serrated. Corollas an inch long, golden-yellow: lower lip 
tinged with purple or blood-colour. Filaments glabrous. Cells 
of anthers obtuse. Rudbeck named this plant Scéptrum Caro- 
linum, in honour of Charles II. king of Sweden, from its manner 
of growth like a sceptre. The plant is common in Norway, 
Denmark, and Lapland. In the plant figured in Flora Danica, 
the leaves, bracteas, and flowers are 3-4 in a whorl. 
Charles’s Sceptre. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1793. PI. 3 to 4 feet. 
3 P. raNcEoLATA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 18. Stev. 
mon. p. 18.) lips of closed corolla nearly equal; galea some- 
what beaked ; stem leafy; leaves lanceolate, opposite. 2. H. 
Native of North America, in the States. Pursh, fl. 2. p. 425. 
P. Virgíniea, Poir. dict. 5. p. 126. P. pallida, Nutt. gen. 
amer. 2. p. 50. Pursh, l. c. P. serótina, Muhl. cat. Stem 
usually simple, glabrous at top, but furnished with 2 rows of 
villi at base. Leaves doubly crenated, cut, downy beneath. 
Spikes dense, 14 inch long. Bracteas ovate, crenated. Calyx 
obliquely 2-lobed: lobes crenulated. Corollas yellow, smaller 
than those of P. scéptrum Carolinum. Filaments glabrous. 
Cells of anthers obtuse. 
Lanceolate-leaved Lousewort. 
4k2 
Pl. 1 to 3 feet. 
