LABIATZE. XXVII. Lycopus. 
Tourn. inst. t. 89. Lin. gen. no. 36. Schreb. gen. no. 44. 
Juss. gen. p. 111. ed. Usteri, p. 124. Benth. lab. p. 185. 
Lin. syst. Diándria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, equal, 
4-5-toothed: throat naked inside. Corolla hardly exceeding 
the calyx, campanulate, equal, 4-cleft. Superior stamens want- 
ing, or sterile, filiform, capitellate, shorter than the corolla: 
lower 2 a little exserted, fertile, distant ; anthers 2-celled : cells 
parallel, rather distinct. Style somewhat equally bifid at top ; 
stigmas minute, terminal. Achenia dry, smooth, with thickened 
callous edges, trigonal, truncate at apex, attenuated at the base. 
—Coarse marsh or bog herbs. Leaves acutely toothed or pin- 
natifid: floral ones similar to the rest, much exceeding the 
flowers. Whorls dense, usually many-flowered, axillary. In- 
terior bracteas minute: outer ones sometimes exceeding the 
calyxes in the inferior whorls. Flowers small, sessile. This 
genus is nearly allied to Méntha, but differs from it in the supe- 
rior stamens being sterile or wanting, and in the achenia being 
callously thickened on the margin. 
1 L. Virernicus (Lin. spec. p. 30.)'nearly glabrous ; stem 
stoloniferous at the base; leaves oblong-elliptie, narrowed at 
both ends, remotely toothed; calyx 4-toothed: teeth ovate, ob- 
tuse; rudiments of sterile stamens wanting. %. H. Native of 
North America, in humid places from New England to Caro- 
lina, Michx.; near St. Louis, and at the river Saskatchawan, 
near Cumberland House Fort, Drummond. Root often tuber- 
ous, creeping. Leaves 1-2 inches long, on short petioles, usu- 
ally purplish beneath. Whorls small. Corolla a little longer 
than the calyx, white. 
Var. P, pauciflórus (Benth. lab. p. 185.) Y%.H. Native at 
Lake Mistassins, &c., Michx.  L.uniflórus, Michx. fl. bor. 
amer, 1. p. 14. L. pümilus, Vahl, enum. 1. p. 211. 
Virginian Water-Horehound. Fl. Aug. Sept. 
Pl. 3 feet. 
2 L. waAcnornuv'LLus (Benth. lab. p. 185.) stem erect, firm, 
bluntly tetragonal; leaves large, petiolate, ovate, long-acumi- 
nated, coarsely and sinuately toothed, narrowed at the base, 
glabrous; whorls many-flowered; calyx irregularly 4-5-tooth- 
ed: teeth ovate, obtuse; rudiments of sterile stamens wanting ? 
achenia equalling the calyx. X4. H. Native of North-west 
America, at the straits of Juan de Fuca, Scouler. L. Virgínicus, 
B, quercifólius, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 16.2 Stem pubes- 
cent. Leaves glabrous, 3-4 inches long. Corollas white. 
Long-leaved Water-Horehound. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1700.? 
Pl. 1 to 3 feet. 
3 L. ostusiròLIus (Michx. ex Vahl, enum. 1. p. 212.? 
Benth. lab. p. 185.) stem erect, firm, almost simple; leaves 
sessile, oblong-elliptic, deeply serrated, roundly narrowed at the 
base; whorls many-flowered ; calyx irregularly 5-toothed ; 
achenia hardly shorter than the calyx ; rudiments of sterile sta- 
mens almost wanting. 2t. H. Native of North-west America, in 
flats along the Red River, Douglas; at the river Saskatchawan, 
near Carlton House Fort, Drummond, Hudson's Bay, Michx. 
Habit of L. Virginicus. Teeth of leaves acute or bluntish. 
Corolla rather longer than the calyx, white. ? 
Blunt-leaved Water-Horehound. PI. 1 to 2 feet. 
4 L. Evrorz'us (Lin. spec. p. 30.) stolons none ; stem erect, 
branched ; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, sinuately toothed or 
pinnatifid; whorls many-flowered; calyx acutely 5-toothed ; 
rudiments of sterile stamens wanting; achenia rather shorter 
than the tube of the calyx. 2/.H. Native throughout Eu- 
rope and the north of Asia, in humid watery places by the sides 
of ditches and rivers; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 
1105. Fl. dan. 1081. Svensk, bot. t. 262. Curt. lond. vol. 
3. with a figure. L. vulgaris, Pers. ench. 1. p. 24. L. palüs- 
tris, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 430. ill. t. 18. L. aquaticus, Moench. 
—Petiv. brit. t. 32. f. 5. Root creeping. Stem acutely tetra- 
VOL. IV. 
Cit. 1760. 
721 
gonal, glabrous, as well as the leaves. Corolla white, equalling 
the calycine teeth, with a tinge of red. Cattle appear not to 
touch this herb. It dyes black, and gives a permanent colour 
to linen, wool, and silk. Gypsies are said to stain their skin 
with it. i 
Var. (9, pubéscens (Benth. lab. p. 186.) stem bluntly tetrago- 
nal; and are, as well as the more nerved leaves, pubescent, and 
the calycine teeth are a little longer. 4Y. H. Native of Eng- 
land. 
European Water-Horehound. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. 
1 to 4 feet. 
5 L. gnusE'LLUs (Moench. suppl. p. 446. ex Wenderoth, in 
syll. pl. soc. ratisb. 1. p. 88.) stolons creeping ; stem erectish, 
humble, pubescent; leaves petiolate, ovate, narrowed at the 
base, deeply toothed, pubescent; calyx 5-toothed: teeth 
lanceolate, acute ; rudiments of sterile stamens wanting. 2. 
H. Native of Virginia, Wenderoth. This species differs 
from L. Europe‘us in the stolons being long and leafy, and in 
the stem being hardly half a foot high. 
Reddish Water-Horehound. PI. 3 to 1 foot. 
6 L. sinva‘tus (Elliott, car. 1. p. 187.) stem erect, acutely 
tetragonal, nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 
narrowed at both ends: lower ones pinnatifid: middle ones 
sinuately toothed: upper ones linear, almost quite entire ; 
whorls many-flowered ; calyx 5-toothed, acute; rudiments of 
sterile stamens capitate; achenia shorter than the tube. 2. H. 
Native of North America, in watery places common, from the 
river Saskatchawan to Canada, Virginia, &c. L. Europe'us, 
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 16. Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 14. 
but not of Lin. L. bracteàtus, Muhl. ex Link, jahrb. 1-3. p. 
55. L. Americànus, Muhl. ex Bart. fl. phil. 1. p. 12. Stolons 
not seen. Stem glabrous, acutely tetragonal. Leaves very 
variable, glabrous. Corollas white. 
Var. a, disséctus (Benth. lab. p. 187.) leaves usually pinna- 
Pl. 
tifid. 21. H. Native principally of the northern region of 
North America. L. exaltatus, Elliott, bot. car. 1. p. 187. but 
not of Lin. L. heterophyllus, Rafin, med. fl. 2. p. 28. 
Var. B, vulgaris (Benth. lab. p. 187.) leaves generally sinu- 
ated. 2.H. Native of the middle region of North America, 
L. sinuàtus, Elliott, bot. car. 1. p. 187. L. vulgaris, Nutt. 
gen. amer. 1. p. 15. 
Var. y, angustif olius (Benth. lab. p. 187.) leaves for the most 
part linear, and almost quite entire. 2t. H. Native of the 
southern region of North America. L. angustifolius, Nutt. gen. 
amer. l. p. 15. L.longifólius, Rafin. med. fl. 2. p. 28. L. 
Pennsylvánicus, Muhl. ex Rafin. l. c. L. pauciflorus, Rafin. 
Ico 
Sinuated-leaved Water-Horehound. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 
7 L. AusrRA'urs (R. Br. prod. p. 500. Benth. lab. p. 716.7 
stem erect, quite glabrous, or hispid from a few pili; leaves 
almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, sharply 
toothed, quite glabrous above or on both surfaces, shining or 
pubescent beneath; whorls many-flowered; calyx 5-toothed: 
teeth, as well as the bracteas, very acute ; rudiments of sterile 
stamens capitate; achenia shorter than the tube of the calyx. 
?!. H. Native of Eastern Siberia; China; New South Wales, 
at Port Jackson; and on the south coast of New Holland ; also 
of Van Diemen's Land. L. Europee'us, y, argütus, Benth. lab. 
p. 186. L.lücidus, Turez. mss. This species differs from L. 
Europc'us besides habit, in the rudiments of sterile stamens 
being present; and it is also very nearly allied to L. sinuatus ; 
but differs in habit, almost sessile leaves, and in the calyxes and 
bracteas being very acute. 
Southern Water-Horehound. 
Pl. 1 to 8 feet. 
4 Z 
Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1823. 
