758 
from its possessing chemical properties which depend upon the 
presence of camphor, and from its depositing crystals of cam- 
phor when long kept. Rosemary is reckoned one of the 
most powerful of those plants which stimulate and strengthen the 
nervous system ; it has, therefore, been recommended in various 
affections supposed to proceed from debilities or defective ex- 
citement of the brain and nerves; as in certain headachs, deaf- 
nesses, giddinesses, palsies, &c., and in some hysterical and 
dyspeptic symptoms. 
The ancients were well acquainted with this shrub ; and it is 
mentioned by Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny. It has ever been 
treated with great respect for comforting the brain and strength- 
ening the memory ; hence the frequent allusions to this property 
in our old poets. Its supposed quality of strengthening the 
memory made rosemary an emblem of fidelity in lovers: it was 
accordingly worn at weddings, and perhaps, on the same princi- 
ple, at funerals. Rosemary is a principal ingredient in what is 
known by the name of Hungary water; and the herb is taken as 
tea by many persons for headachs, and disorders called nervous. 
There are several varieties of the rosemary, as, 1. R. angusti- 
folia, Mill. dict. no. 1. The narrow-leaved or garden rosemary. 
2. The silver-striped-leaved rosemary. 3. The golden-striped- 
leaved rosemary. 
Officinal, or Common Rosemary. FI. Jan. April. Clt. 1548. 
Shrub 4 to 12 feet. 
Cult. Rosemary thrives best on dry rocky soils by the sea- 
side, in the countries where it grows wild. It is hardy enough 
to bear our winters in the open air, provided it be planted upon 
a poor, dry, gravelly soil, or against a wall. Rosemary, if by 
accident rooted in a wall, will endure the greatest cold of our 
winters. The striped-leaved varieties are more tender, and 
therefore require the protection of a frame or green-house in 
winter. Rosemary may be increased by planting the young cut- 
tings in the spring just before the plants begin to shoot, in light 
earth under a hand-glass. When the cuttings are rooted trans- 
plant them where they are intended to remain in September. 
XXXII. MONA'RDA (so called from Nic. Monárda or Mo- 
nárdes, a physician of Seville in the sixteenth century.) Benth. 
lab. p. 315.  Monárda species of Lin. and other authors. Mo- 
nárda and Cheilyctis, Rafin.  Monárda and Coryánthus, Nutt. 
Lin. syst. Diándria, Monog?jnia. Calyx tubular, elongated, 
15-nerved, nearly equal, 5-toothed ; throat villous inside, rarely 
almost naked. Corolla with an exserted or inclosed tube, gla- 
brous or pubescent inside, exannulate; throat dilated a little ; 
limb bilabiate ; lips linear or oblong, nearly equal: upper lip 
erect, entire, or emarginate : lower lip spreading, shortly trifid 
at apex: the lateral lobes ovate, obtuse: the middle one nar- 
rower, oblong, retuse, or emarginate. Stamens 2 (inferior) as- 
cending, usually exserted from the upper lip of the corolla; the 
rudiments of the two superior ones almost wanting ; filaments 
toothless, inserted at the throat of the corolla; anthers linear, 
somewhat 2-celled: cells divaricate, confluent, with connate 
margins, Style almost equally bifid at top; stigmas minute, ter- 
minal. Achenia dry, smooth.—Herbs, with entire, usually 
toothed or crenated leaves. Flowers collected into a few dense 
whorls, propped by bracteas. 
Secr. I. HE (from eu, well, and Monárda. This 
section is supposed to contain the true i 
Benth. lab. a TAA. Genitals much uL Se Em) 
1 M. vipyma (Lin. spec. p. 32.) leaves petiolate, ovate-lanceo- 
late, acuminated, roundly-subcordate at the base, rather hispid on 
both surfaces, rarely glabrous: floral leaves sessile and He a 
well as the outer bracteas, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed a js 
way at the base, coloured; calyx incurved, striated, mE, 
LABIATÆ. XXXI. Rosmarinus. 
XXXII. Monarpa. 
with an almost naked throat; corollas quite glabrous. 4t. H. 
Native of North America, from Canada to North Carolina. Curt, 
bot. mag. t. 548. Mill. fig. t. 183. f. 1. Trew. ehret. t. 66, 
M. fistulósa, var. Curt. bot. mag. t. 145.? S. coccinea, Michx. 
fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 16. M. purpürea, Lam. dict. 4. p. 256. M. 
Kalmiana, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 17. t. 1. bad. M. pur- 
puráscens, Wender. ind. sem. hort. marb. 1828. M. Oswegoen- 
sis, Bart, prod. fl. pennsyl. 1. p. 34. * Stems fistular, acutely- 
tetragonal. Leaves 2-3 inches long. Whorls solitary or twin. 
Bracteas, calyxes, and corollas scarlet. The leaves emit a very 
grateful, refreshing odour. 
Didymous Monarda, or Oswega tea. 
1752. Pl. 2 to 8 feet. 
2 M. risrurósA (Lin. spec. p. 32.) leaves petiolate, ovate- 
lanceolate, roundly-subcordate at the base, glabrous, pubescent 
or hispid on both surfaces : floral leaves sessile, and are, as well 
as the outer bracteas, a little coloured ; calyxes a little incurved, 
scarcely coloured : throat hispid inside ; corolla villous. 2%. H. 
Native of North America, among bushes, &c., very common, 
West Coast, Canada, the States; Texas, and near Jalapa in 
Mexico. Rchb. icon. exot. 2. p. 28. t. 172. Mill. fig. t. 188. 
f.29. M. altíssima, Willd. enum. p. 33. Rchb. icon. exot. 2. 
p.27. t. 170. M. longifolia, Lam. dict. 4. p. 255. M. glabra, 
Lam. dict. 4. p. 256. M. rugosa, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. 1. p. 
51. M. oblongata, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2d. 1. p. 51. M. pur- 
pürea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 17, but not of Lam. M. 
clinopódia, Lin. spec. p. 32. M. allophylla, Michx. fl. bor. 
amer. 1. p. 16. M. affinis, Link, enum. 1. p. 9. Rchb, icon. 
exot. 2. p. 31. t. 182. M. undulata, Tausch, Rchb. icon. exot. 
2.p. 31. t. 181. M. média, Willd. enum. p. 32. Sweet, fl. 
gard. 1. p. 98. M. violàcea, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 66. M. 
involucrata, Wender. in ind. sem. hort. marb. 1828. M. com- 
mutàta, Wender, l. c. M. lilácina, Wender, l. c. M. hybrida, 
Wender, l. c. M. barbàta, Wender, l. c. M. varians, Bart. 
prod. fl. penns. 1. p. 24.? M. ccerülea, M. cristata, M. dubia, 
&c., Hortul. This species is very variable in downiness, size 
and colour of flowers and bracteas, and differs from M. didyma 
in being taller; in the calyxes and bracteas being less coloured, 
in the corollas being smaller, more or less pubescent, and parti- 
cularly in the throat of the calyx being hispid from pili inside, 
and usually closed. Stems fistular or filled. Leaves green or ca- 
nescent. Corollas pale red or purplish, rarely deep violet ot 
purple, never scarlet. 
Var. B. móllis (Lin. spec. 32.) leaves clothed with soft pu- 
bescence ; upper lip of corolla densely bearded. %. H. "Na; 
tive of the northern regions of North America; as the spe 
cies is of the southern regions. M. móllis, Lin. amoen. acad. 3. 
p. 399. Rchb. icon. exot. 2. p. 28. t. 171. M. menthefolia, 
Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. vol. 21. (1829) p. 347. Hook, 
bot. mag. t. 2058. 
Fistular-stemmed Monarda. 
Pl. 2 to 5 feet. 
3 M. Brapsuria‘na (Beck, in Sill. amer. journ. scienc. 10. p. 
260.) leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, 
clothed with canescent tomentum beneath, pilose on both sur- 
faces: floral leaves and outer bracteas roundedly-sub-cordate 
at the base, coloured; calyx smoothish, striated, contract 
above, with a hairy throat, and subulate-awned teeth; corol 
hardly twice as long as the calyx, almost glabrous outside : upper 
lip very slender, and bearded at top. 2t. H. Native of North 
America in uncultivated places, near St. Louis, Beck ; along the 
Missouri and Ohio, Torrey. M. fistuldsa, Hook. bot. mag. t 
3310, exclusive of the syn. Stems glabrous or ciliated on the 
angles. Whorls solitary, size of those of M. fistulosa. ees 
pale, scarcely twice as long as the calyx ; lower lip marked wi 
purple dots, : 
Fl. June, August. Cle, 
Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1656. 
