LABIATH. XLIX. Messa. 
16 M. umsrosa (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 63. but not of German 
authors) plant herbaceous, diffuse, pubescent or villous ; leaves 
petiolate, ovate, serrately crenated, rounded at the base ; whorls 
equal, globose, many-flowered; bracteas minute, or the outer 
ones are subulate, one half shorter than the calyxes. 2%. H. 
Native of Iberia, in woods; Caucasus, on the Talusch moun- 
tains; Himalaya, Wall. Royle; mountains in the Peninsula of 
India, Wight; Ceylon, Walker; Cashmere, Jacquemont. Cli- 
nopódium répens, 8, Benth. in Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. p. 66. 
Stems procumbent, creeping at the base. Leaves scarcely an 
inch long. Whorls 20-40-flowered. Corolla purplish, scarcely 
half as long again as the calyx. 
Shaded Wild Basil. Pl. procumbent. 
17 M. re'rens (Benth. lab. p. 392.) herbaceous, diffuse, 
rooting at the base, pubescent or villous; leaves petiolate, 
ovate, obtuse, serrately crenated, rounded at the base; whorls 
equal, globose, many-flowered ; bracteas subulate, numerous, 
equalling the calyxes. 2/. H. Native of Nipaul. Clinopó- 
dium répens, a, Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. p. 66. Thymus répens, 
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 113. Habit of M. umbrosa. Brac- 
teas more dense, and more hairy, ciliated. Corolla purplish. 
Creeping Balm. Pl. procumbent. 
18 M. oricanirorra (Benth. lab. p. 392.) suffruticose ; stems 
ascending, branched, hispid ; leaves ovate, quite entire, hispid ; 
whorls nearly sessile : lower ones on long peduncles, emulating 
branches ; bracteas linear-lanceolate, hispid, scarcely longer 
than the calyxes. h. H. Native of Mount Lebanon. Clino- 
podium origanifólium, Labill. pl. syr. dec. 4. p. 14. t. 9. Co- 
rolla rather hairy, purplish. ? 
Marjoram-leaved Balm. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub 
1i foot. 
“19 M. CriNorópivM (Benth. lab. p. 392.) herbaceous, erect, 
villous ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, crenated a little, round- 
ed at the base ; whorls equal, globose, many-flowered ; bracteas 
subulate, numerous, equalling the calyxes. 24. H. Native 
throughout Europe and Middle Asia, in woods, hedges, and by. 
waysides ; from Scotland and Sweden to Spain, Sicily, Greece, 
and Caucasus; and North America; but probably introduced 
from Europe to the latter country. —Clinopódium vulgare, 
Lin. spec. p. 821. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1401.  Clinopódium 
JEgyptiacum, Lam. dict. 2. p. 50. Mill. dict. no. 6. fig. t. 95. 
Clinopódium atropurpüreum, and C. variegàtum, Hortul. Cli- 
nopódium plumósum, Sieb. in bot. zeit. 1822. t. 242.2 Thymus 
' sylvaticus, Bernh. ex Steud. nom. p. 208.— Riv. mon. irr. t. 43. 
—Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 65, 66. —Mor. hist. sect. II. t. 8. f. 1. 
Stems simple, or a little branched. Leaves petiolate, 1-2 inches 
long, pale or canescent beneath, with entire or obscurely crenu- 
lated margins : floral ones smaller, sessile. Calyxes and brac- 
e very pilose. Corolla twice as long as the calyx, bright 
red. 
Bed-foot or Common Wild Basil. 
Fl. June, Aug. Britain. 
Pl. 1 to 2 feet. ' 
Sect. V. MELIPHY'LLUM (from pedi, meli, honey; and và- 
Aov, phyllon, a leaf; so called from the sweet-scented leaves.) 
Benth. lab. p. 393. Melissa, Lin. and other authors. Whorls 
few-flowered, rather loose, secund. Bracteas few, usually ovate. 
Calyx scarcely gibbous at the base, spreading ; upper lip almost 
glabrous ; throat naked inside, or villous. Corolla white or 
yellowish: tube recurvedly ascending. 
20 M. orricina‘tis (Lin. spec. 827.) herbaceous, erect, 
branched ; leaves broad-ovate, crenated, truncate at the base, or 
cordate; floral leaves almost similar to the cauline leaves; whorls 
axillary, loose, secund; bracteas few, ovate; corolla a half again 
as long as the calyx. X. H. Native of the South of Europe 
783 
and Middle Asia, in mountain woods; as of Portugal, Spain, 
South of France, Italy, Sicily, Greece, about Aleppo, Tauria, 
Iberia, and Caucasus. Woodv. med. bot. t. 147. M. gravéo- 
lens, Host, fl. austr. 2. p. 128. M. foliósa, Opiz, ex Rchb. fl. 
germ. exc. p. 329. M. occidentalis, Rafin. M. Córsica, Host. 
—Sabb. hort. rom. 3. t. 61.— Blackw. herb. t. 27.—Lob. icon. 
t. 277. Plant very variable in hairiness, size, form, and bases 
of leaves, and length of corollas. Leaves from 1 to 2-3 inches 
long, those of the stems and sterile branches truncate or cordate 
at the base: upper floral and rameal ones smaller, rounded or 
cuneated at the base, all obtuse, or the upper ones are acute, 
more or less villous on both surfaces. Whorls distant. Cymes 
distinct, 3-6-flowered. Corolla white or pale yellow, twice as 
long as the calyx. 
Balm, in its recent state, has a weak, roughish, aromatic 
taste, and a pleasant smell, somewhat of the lemon kind. It is 
now little used, unless for making a simple balm tea, which 
affords a grateful diluent drink in fevers, and for forming a light 
agreeable beverage, under the name of balm wine. Anciently it 
was generally recommended in hypochondriacal affections, and 
by Paracelsus promised a complete renovation of man. From 
the fondness of bees for this plant, it was named Apidstrum, 
Melissa, Melissophijllum ; and was directed by the ancients, 
among other herbs, to be rubbed upon the hive, to render it 
agreeable to the swarm. 
Var. B, villdsa (Benth. lab. p. 393.) leaves shorter; plant 
more villous; odour disagreeable. %. H. Native of Italy, 
about Rome, Greece, &c. M. Romana, Mill. dict. no. 2. M. 
hirsuta, Balb. M. cordifólia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 132. M. Taú- 
rica, Hortul. M. altíssima, Sibth. et Smith, fl. grec. 6. p. 63. 
t. 579. Corollas white, smaller than those of the species. 
Officinal or Common Balm. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1573. Pl. 
2 to 4 feet. 
21 M. ninsu'rA (Blum. bijdr. p. 830.) heads verticillate, ax- 
illary ; leaves ovate-oblong, bluntly serrated, and are, as well as 
the calyxes, hairy. 2. H. Native of Java, on the top of 
Mount Tjerimai, in the province of Cheribon. Allied to M. ofi- 
cinàlis. 
Hairy Balm. PI. 2 to 3 feet.? 
22 M. ranvirLOnA (Benth. in Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. p. 65. 
lab. p. 394.) herbaceous, erect, nearly glabrous; leaves ovate 
or ovate-lanceolate, acute, somewhat serrated, rounded at the 
base or cuneated ; floral leaves similar to the others; whorls ax- 
illary, loose, secund ; bracteas few, small, oblong-linear ; co- 
rollas scarcely longer than the calyxes. 2t.H. Native of Nipaul 
and Kamaon, Wall.; Deyra Dhoun, Royle. Scutellària Japónica, 
Burm. fl. ind. p. 130. Genidsporum axillare, Benth. in Wall. 
pl. asiat. rar. 2. p. 18. This has the character of M. officinalis, 
but the habit is very different. The whole plant is purplish and 
glabrous, except a few hairs on the angles of the stem and nerves 
of the leaves. Leaves hardly an inch long. Inflorescence of 
M. officinalis. Corollas blue, hardly exserted. 
Small-flowered Balm. Pl. ; 
23 M. rra vA (Benth. in Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. p. 65. lab. p. 
894.) herbaceous, erect, nearly glabrous ; leaves ovate or ovate- 
lanceolate, acute, serrately crenated, rounded at the base; floral 
leaves similar to the rest; whorls axillary, loose, secund ; brac- 
teas few, oblong-linear; corolla about thrice as long as the ca- 
lyx. X. H. Native of Nipaul, Wall. Habit of M. parvi- 
flora. Calyxes coloured at top. Corolla yellow, incurvedly 
ascending. 
Yellow-flowered Balm.  Pl.? 
Secr. VI. MacnowEL(ssa (from paxpoc, macros, long; and 
pediooa, melissa, balm; so called in reference to the long co- 
rollas.) Benth. lab. p. 394. Whorls very loose, usually few- 
