ELEMENTARY BOTANY. VI 



cinate, when the lateral lobes are curved backwards towards the base of the leaf ; 

 pectinate, when the lateral lobes are numerous, narrow, and regular, like the teeth of 

 a comb. 



palmate or digitate, when several diverge from the same point, compared to the 

 fingers of the hand. 



ternale, when three only start from the same point, in which case the distinction 

 between the palmate and pinnate arrangement often ceases, or can only be determined 

 by analogy with allied plants. A leaf with ternate lobes is called trifid. A leaf with 

 three leaflets is sometimes improperly called a ternate leaf: it is the leaflets that are 

 ternate; the whole leaf is trifoliolale. Ternate leaves are leaves growing three 

 together. 



pedate, when the division is at first ternate, but the two outer branches are 

 forked, the outer ones of each fork again forked, and so on, and all the branches are 

 near together at the base, compared vaguely to the foot of a bird. 



if 2 j leaves with pinnate, palmate, pedate, etc., leaflets, are usually for shortness 

 called pinnate, palmate, pedate, etc., leaves. If they are so cut into segments only, 

 they are usually said to be pinnatisect, palmatisect, pedatisect, etc., although the dis- 

 tinction between segments and leaflets is often unheeded in descriptions, and cannot 

 indeed always be ascertained. If the leaves are so cut only into lobes, they are said 

 to be pinnatifid, palmatifid, pedatifid, etc. 



43- The teeth, lobes, segments, or leaflets may be again toothed, lobed, divided, or 

 compounded. Some leaves are even three or more times divided or compounded. In 

 the latter case they are termed decompound. When twice or thrice pinnate {bipinnate 

 or * ri pinnate), each primarv or secondary division, with the leaflets it comprises, is 

 called a, pinna. When the'pinna of a leaf or the leaflets of a pinna are in pairs, with- 

 out an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna so divided is said to be abruptly 

 pinnate • if there is an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna is unequally 

 Pinnate (imparipinnalum). 



*1 The number of leaves or their parts is expressed adjectively by the following nu- 

 merals, derived from the Latin :— 



uni-, bi-, tri-, qnadri-. quinque-. sex-, septem-, octo-, novero-, decern-, multi-, 

 ** 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 6, 7, 8-, 9-, 10-, many- 



Prefixed to a termination, indicating the particular kind of part referred to. Thus— 

 vnidentate, bidentate, multidentate, mean one-toothed, two-toothed, many-toothed, 



bifid, trifid, multifid, mean two-lobed, three-lobed, many-lobed, etc. 

 \ et fiT i f° liolate > bifoliolate, multifoliolate, mean having one leaflet, two leaflets, many 



^ vnifoliate, bifoliate, multifoliate, mean having one leaf, two leaves, many leaves, 



Alternate and triternate, mean twice or thrice ternately divided. 

 two UniJU 9 ate > bijugate, multijugate, etc., pinnas or leaflets, mean that they are in one„ 

 .many, etc., pairs (juga). 



o- leaves or their parts, when flat, or any other flat organs in plants, are 

 comn j r ' When lo "g and "arrow, at least four or five times as long as broad, falsely 



"■Pared to a mathematical line, for a linear leaf has always a perceptible breadth, 

 middl nCe0 l ate ' when about three or more times as long as broad, broadest below the 



' and tapering towards the summit, compared to the head of ft lance. 

 ParJ?^' when broadest above the middle, and tapering towards the base, com- 

 at Z t a Wedge with the P oint downwards ; when very broadly cuneate and rounded 



U3k' ? ls often ca Hed flabelliform or fan-shaped. 

 mC ate > when the br °ad part near the top is short, and the narrow tapering 

 ong, compared to a spathula or flat ladle. . , , ' .,,. 



wmtZ2\ wh f n 8Carcel y twice as lon g « broad ' and rather broader ta r StfS 



522? to the lo ngtadinal section of an egg; obovate is the same form, with the 

 ^P art above the middle. 



0ld ' tnangular, in the form of the Greek letter A. 



