ELEMENTARY BOTANY. XV 



tubular, when the whole or the greater part of it is in the form of a tube or 

 cylinder. 



campanulate, when approaching in some measure the shape of a cup or bell. 



urceolate, when the tube is swollen or nearly globular, contracted at the top, and 

 slightly expanded again in a narrow rim. 



rotate or stellate, when the petals or lobes are spread out horizontally from the 

 base, or nearly so, like a wheel or star. 



hypocrateriform or salver-shaped, when the lower part is cylindrical and the 

 upper portion expanded horizontally. In this case the name of tube is restricted to the 

 cylindrical part, and the horizontal portion is called the limb, whether it be divided to 

 the base or not. The orifice of the tube is called its mouth or throat. 



infundibuliform or funnel-shaped, when the tube is cylindrical at the base, but en- 

 larged at the top into a more or less campanulate limb, of which the lobes often spread 

 horizontally. In this case the campanulate part, up to the commencement of the 

 lobes, is sometimes considered as a portion of the tube, sometimes as a portion of the 

 hnib, and by some botanists again described as independent of either, under the name 

 ot throat {fauces). Generally speaking, however, in campanulate, infundibuliform, or 

 other corollas, where the lower entire part passes gradually into the upper divided and 

 more spreading part, the distinction between the tube and the limb is drawn either at 

 the point where the lobes separate, or at the part where the corolla first expands, ac- 

 cording to which is the most marked. 



105. Irregular corollas have received various names according to the more familiar 

 torms they have been compared to. Some of the most important are the 



bilabiate, or two-lipped corolla, when, in a four- or five-lobed corolla, the two or 

 three upper lobes stand obviously apart, like an upper lip, from the two or three lower 

 ones or under Up. I n Orchidece and some other families the name of lip, or labellum, 

 ■ given to one of the divisions or lobes of the perianth. 



., P e ™onate, when two-lipped, and the orifice of the tube closed by a projection from 

 the base of the upper or lower lip, called a palate. 



nngent, when very widely two-lipped, and the orifice of the tube very open. 



spurred, when the tube or the lower part of a petal has a conical hollow projec- 

 l'm ' ? om P ared to the 8 pur of a cock ; saccate, when the spur is short and round like a 

 ml a- ' ffiooous > wnen projecting at any part into a slight swelling ; foveolate, when 

 marked m any part with a slight glandular or thickened cavity. 

 - r f*upmate or reversed, when a Up, spur, etc., which in allied species is usually 



infi t? "PP 6 ™ 10 "*. and vice versd. 



"IB. Ihe above terms are mostly applied to the forms of monopetalous corollas, but 

 snp 6 -! f Fe als ° a PP licab]e to those of polypetalous ones. Terms descriptive of the 

 Fcial forms of corolla in certain Natural Orders, will be explained under those 

 Orders respectively. 



Dlio°bl M ° St ° f the terms used for describing the forms of leaves (39, 45) are also ap- 

 rear^ j t0 those of "dividual petals ; but the flat expanded portion of a petal, cor- 

 to th n ^ t0 ?' he blade of the leaf, is called its lamina, and the stalk, corresponding 

 Petiole, its claw {unguis). The stalked petal is said to be unguiculate. 



§ 10. The Stamens. 



in e ' , tnou gh in a few cases the outer stamens may gradually pass into petals, yet, 

 Petal ^ T Stamena ar e very different in shape and aspect from leaves, sepals or 

 f t /" , ** * °nly in a theoretical point of view (not the less important in the study 



10q Penological economy of the plant) that they can be called altered leaves. 

 dividpH • * U8Ual form is a 8talk > CdUed the filament, bearing at the top an anther 

 of mi t tW0 P oucnc8 °r cells. These anther-cells are filled with pollen, consisting 

 "catted f grain8 > usually forming a yellow dust, which, when the flower expands, is 

 the pot' m an °P en ing in each cell. When the two cells are not closely contiguous, 



110 Tn? °J the anther that unites them is called the connectivum. 

 Perfeot v filamen t is often wanting, and the anther sessile, yet still the stamen is 

 tl 5 but if the anther, which is the essential part of the stamen, is wanting, or 



