ELEMENTARY BOTANY. XIX 



136. A Disk or disc, is a circular enlargement of the receptacle, usually in the form 

 iJ ™V}™P ular )i of a flat disk or quoit, or of a cushion {pulmnate). It is either 

 immediately at the base of the ovary within the stamens, or between the petals and 

 lamens, or bears the petals or stamens or both on its margin, or is quite at the ex- 



m t the receptacle, with the ovaries arranged in a ring round it or under it. 

 mm ii i may be entire > or toothed or lobed,- or divided into a number of parts, 



usually equal to or twice that of the stamens or carpels. When the parte of the disk 



1 2a e „ se P arate and shor t, they are often called glands. 



168. Nectaries are either the disk, or small deformed petals, or abortive stamens, 



appendages at the base of petals, or stamens, or any small bodies within the flower 

 •mTl k° n0t hke petals * stamens > or ovaries. They were formerly supposed to 



ppiy Dees with their honey, and the term is frequently to be met witli in the older 



j™ 8 ' ™« ls now deservedly going out of use. 



an a he e U the disk bears the P etals and stamens » »* W frequently adherent to, and 



I parently forms part of, the tube of the calyx, or it is adherent to, and apparently 



imn fTj- ' ° Vary ' or of both calyx-tube and ovary. Hence the three following 



Uo a p / tinctlOD8 in the relative insertion of the floral whorls. 



A4U. Petals, or as it is frequently expressed, flowers, are 

 tirel Y° ff l nous (•"• e - " nder the ovary), when they or the disk that bears them are en- 

 perio th l fr0m tl,e CaljX and ovar 7- Tne 0vai 7 is then described as free or mm 



r, the calyx as free or inferior, the petals as being inserted on the receptacle. 

 {romiC 9yn ° WS (*" e " rovmd the ovary), when the disk bearing the petals is quite free 

 ova • 6 t? Tary ' but is m . ore or less combined w »th the base of the calyx-tube. The 

 calv f S K n 8t ^ described as free or superior, even though the combined disk and 

 to V"f e ma y form a deep cup with the ovary lying in the bottom ; the calyx is said 



ejree or inferior, and the petals are described as inserted on the calyx. 

 withth^K IOM * '*' € ' Up ° n tbe 0Tar y)» wneH the disk bearing the petals is combined both 

 the o ° f tbe cal J x * tuDe ar, d the base outside of the ovary ; either closing over 



f t i Vai 7 80 * s on ^Y to leave a passage for the style, or leaving more or less of the top 

 ovule /°7 aF ^ ee ' but always adhering to it above the level of the insertion of the lowest 

 top of \^ ce P t .. m a ver J f ew cases where the ovules are absolutely suspended from the 

 the cal 1C * n e Pigy nous flowers the ovary is described as adherent or inferior, 



some ^if 8 ^herent or superior, the petals as inserted on or above the ovary. In 

 a verv*dff 8 ' er ». most epigynous flowers are included in the perigynous ones, and 



where ren . fc . meanin g is given to the term epigynous (144), and there are a few cases 

 flowers' 10 P ° 81 * ive distinction can be drawn between the epigynous and perigynous 



141 'wh^™ be tween the perigynous and hypogynous flowers. 



the diff> tnere are no petals, it is the insertion of the stamens that determines 



142 "wik 06 b ^ tween tne bypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous flowers. 



in h 6 8re both petals and 8tamj " s > 



hut som r °" yn ° US flower8 » the petals and stamens are usually free from each other, 

 fr om eah th they are combine d at the base. In that case, if the petals are distinct 

 inserted ' and the stamens are monadelphous, the petals are often said to be 



lamens °Jc ?* comiined ***** <*« staminal lube ; if the corolla is gamopetalous and the 

 c orolla mct from ea «h other, the latter are said to be inserted in the tube of the 



Petals o^lP 110 " 8 flo wers, the stamens are usually inserted immediately within the 



1 down with' u ah " g Witb tnem on the edge of the disk ' but occa^ ™ 1 '? m " cb lower 



in en' 111 d * 8k ' ° T even on tbe unen larged part of the receptacle, 

 as i n peri lg7n ° US nowers > when the petals are distinct, the stamens are usually inserted 

 and epi<, v 8yn ° U8 flo wers ; when the corolla is gamopetalous, the stamens are either free 



143 wl° US ' 1* combined at the base with (inserted in) the tube of the corolla. 

 a gynobasi receptacle is distinctly elongated below the ovary, it is often called 



8t amens o S 'J\ no P hore > or stalk of the ovary. If the elongation takes place below the 

 'talk of #L tbe Petals, these stamens or petals are then said to be inserted on the 



e P i gynou« ? Var V> and are occasionally, but falsely, described as epigynous. Keally 

 rar e, unU, "f men3 (*'• e. when the filaments are combined with the ovary) are very 

 8 the rest of the flower is epigynous. 



