XII. VIOLARIE.E (OLIVER.) 105 



1. VIOLA, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 117. 



Sepals nearly equal, gibbous or distinctly produced below the point of in- 

 sertion. Petals spreading, the lowest spurred or saccate at the base, usually 

 larger or sometimes rather smaller than the rest ; anthers nearly sessile, the 

 connective produced into a membranous appendage bevond the cells; two 

 Jower stamens usually spurred. Staminodia 0. Style clavate capitate or 

 otherwise dilated, with a terminal or lateral stigma. Capsule dehiscing locu- 

 ncidally in 3 valves. Seeds ovoid or globose with a crustaceous testa.— 

 tierbs. Stipules usually conspicuous. Peduncles axillary, 1 -flowered. Some 

 species bear dimorphic flowers. 



large and very widely diffused genus affecting temperate or mountainous regions in both 

 lspheres. Many of the species appear connected by intermediate forms which render 

 tiem difficult of definition. 



, "• abyssinica, Steud. in PI. Schimp. Abyss. Flowering stems 

 sender diffuse or elongate, prostrate and rooting at intervals. Leaves cor- 

 ' * or 0v ate-cordate, usually rather acute, crenulate-serrate, sparsely pubes- 

 y™ ° r "early quite glabrous, with or without dark oblong linear or irregular 

 caches, \~\ m . long; petioles shorter than or equalling the lamina. Sti- 

 pules more or less deeply divided into narrow acute segments. Peduncles 

 s]Vi eS | Cent - ° r ^ abrous > exceeding the leaves. Sepals linear-lanceolate, acute, 

 J %«"iy gibbous at the base. Lower petal deeply and obtusely saccate, the 



P u r sometimes equalling the lamina. Style clavate, obliquely triangular 

 ' )0v e with a lateral stigmatic tooth. — V. emirnense, Boj. mss. 



(u,u Per Guil »ea. Fernando Po, 10,000 ft., Camaroous mountain, 7000 ft., Mann ! 

 l *J mipuuctatc leaves). 



Th* C n< *' Abyssinia, in mountainous situations, Schimper ! "Roth! 

 of S0 !, Sanie s Pecies, as 1 take it, occurs in Madagascar. V. abyssinica may prove a form 

 $ ch "! e Piously described species when the genus comes to be thoroughly worked up. 



*etntnrth (Flora v. Soturba) indicates another Viola from Nubia, yet undescribed. 



2 - IOWIDIUM, Vent. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 117. 



sa ( Se F alS n0t P rocluce <l at the base. Lower petal larger than the rest, clawed, 

 ^cate or gibbous at the base. Anthers sessile; filaments short, connec- 

 j~2J°*iced beyond the cells as a membranous appendage. Two lower 

 JJMJW with reflexed spurs (in the African species) from their filaments. Sta- 

 corii m °" Style thick ened or clavate with the stigma in front. Capsule 

 orov Ce -°i US ' dehisci "K loculicidally and elastically in 3 valves. Seeds oblong 

 „ su] ? Kl ; testa crustaceous striate or smooth.— Herbs or low shrubs. Leaves 

 ^".v alternate, entire or toothed, with subulate stipules. Peduncles axil- 



3> solitary in the African species. 

 ^cSff nn 1 lnerous ?enus, principally American. The only tropical African species is 

 J ***** in the Old World. A few are endemic in Australia and at the Cape. 



tent '* eune aspermum, Vent. ; DC. Prod. i. 308. A diffuse decum- 

 Moiv° r er0Ct ,n «ch-branclied herb, from a few inches to 2 ft., often woody 

 <*nU P ° r I 8Uffrute8fient » sometimes erect and simple, glabrous scabnd-pubes- 

 *Ucrn l mtly hirsute-pubescent, Leaves linear or lanceolate, acute, often 

 ona te, narrowed to the base, remotely serrulate or entire, subsessile or 



