26 LXVIII. UMBELLIFERE (HIERN). [ Caucalis. 
Umbels terminal of few manifest rays, with 0 or 1 bract in the 
involucre. Flowerswhite . . . 1... . es + eee 
Umbels opposite the leaves, subcapitate with several bracts in the , 
involucre. Flowersdark purple... .......-. 264, melanantha. 
1. C. infesta. ' 
1. GC. infesta, Curt.; Fl. Lond. ed. 1, Fasc. 6, t. 23. Annual or 
biennial herb. Stem erect, slender, branched, terete, finely striate, 
elabrous at the base, with a few appressed hairs near the apex, 4-3 ft. 
high, usually geniculate at the nodes, with diverging branches. Leaves 
pinnate or bipinnate, with stalked lanceolate pinnatifid acute segments, 
on dilated petioles clasping at base; pinne spreading, appressedly 
pilose, Umbels stalked and terminal at the end of the stem and 
ranches, erect, usually of 3 primary, each with about 5 secondary 
rays. Involucre 0 or rarely with 1 leaflike bract; involucels of 
several lanceolate-linear acute pilose bracteoles, shorter than the secon- 
dary rays. Flowers radiant, white; calyx-lobes obsolete; polygamous, 
small. Stylopods shortly convex ; styles rather short. Frrait ovoid, 
covered with long patent spines, hooked at the end and shorter than 
the thickness of the ripe fruit, } in. long, with vague lines of ap- 
pressed smaller bristles corresponding to the primary ridges. Primary 
fruiting rays about 4 in. long, secondary about 44, in. long. Carpophore 
entire, 7 in. long. Seeds widely sulcate.—Scandix infesta, Linn. ; 
Caucalis africana, Thunb. Prod. 49; Torilis africana, Spreng. in Schult. 
Syst. vi. 486. 
Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper! Plowden! Petit! 6000-10,000 ft. alt. 
Occurs also in Europe, temperate Asia, and N. and S. Africa; introduced into 
Australia. 
Differs only from the European specimens in the shorter spines i i the 
diameter of the fruit. Pe Pe T spines in proportion to 
Tigre name, Dannak-Anschoa. 
2. ©. melanantha, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant. i. 929. 1—Gft. 
high, root fusiform annual. Stem either short with several prostrate or 
ascending branches, or lengthened and branched, subangular, pilose 
especially towards the top, sometimes subglabrescent at base geniculaul. 
Leaves oblong or ovate, the lower ones on long or manifest petioles, 
much dilated into long-veined and membranous sheaths amplexicaul 
at least at base, 1-6 in. long, bipinnate or the upper ones simply pin- 
nate ; segments oblong or oval, pinnatifid or lobed at the base, incise, 
dentate, or dissected into linear lobes, hispid especially on the stalks, 
veins, and margins. Umbels subcapitate, 1~} in. hich, on very long 
more or less pilose, axillary peduncles, hispido-pilose. Primary and 
secondary fruiting rays 74-3 in. long. Involucre and involucels of 
several linear-lanceolate piloso-ciliate eaves, rather exceeding the rays. 
Calyx-lobes prominent, lanceolate, acute. Petals subentire, of a dark 
purple colour; disk flat. Fruit somewhat compressed laterally yel- 
owish-green, with paler bristles, } in. long; primary ridges 5, not 
prominent, clothed with small bristles in 2 or 3 rows and directed up- 
wards; secondary ridges 4, more prominent, armed with longer bristles 
in one row, directed outwards and downwards, and glochidiate. Carpo- 
