244 LXX. RUBIACEA (HIERN). | Rubia. 
by abortion l-celled. Style bilobed, short; stigmas subcapitate ; 
ovules solitary, attached at the base of the septum, erect, amphitropous. 
Fruit didymous, fleshy, 2-1-celled. Seeds suberect, adhering to the 
pericarp ; radicle inferior.—Scabrous herbs with verticillate quasi-exsti- 
pulate leaves and small flowers arranged in axillary and terminal cymes. 
A genus of moderate size, occurring in the temperate and tropical regions of the 
world. 
Leaves petiolate, usually cordate at the base. 
Corolla rotate. Leaves of the same colour on both surfaces . 1. PR. cordifolia. 
Corolla subeampanulate. Leaves hoary-tomentose beneath . 2. PR. discolor. 
Leaves sessile, not cordate . . . . . 2... LR. tinctorum). 
l. R. cordifolia, Linn. Syst. Nat., Edit. xii. app. tom. 3, p. 229, 
non Hochst. A scabrous creeping perennial herb. Branches elon- 
gated, tetragonous. Leaves cordate-lanceolate or -ovate, acuminate or 
acute, submembranous, quaternate, petiolate, of the same colour on 
the two surfaces, 3—5-nerved, 4-14 by 4-4 in. or larger ; petioles about 
as long as the leaves or longer. Corolla rotate, 5—4-lobed. 
Nile Land. Karagué, (red madder; clinging plant) Speke and Grant! 
Occurs also in South Africa and is widely distributed in Asia. 
2. BR. discolor, Turcz. Fl. Baical.-Dahur. i. p. 528. A scabrous 
scandent perennial herb. Branches quadrangular, at length subterete. 
Leaves ovate-cordate, hoary-tomentose beneath, acuminate or apicu- 
late, submembranous, quaternate, petiolate, 3-5-nerved, 4-2 by 4-1}: 
petioles as long as the leaves or shorter. Corolla subcampanulate, 
5-lobed.—R. cordifolia, Hochst. in Hb. Schimp. Abyss. i. n. 24; A. 
Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 344; non Linn.; R. Brawnii, Hochst. in Flora 
1841, i. App. p. 27 (name only). 
Nile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper! and others ; Upper Nile, beyond 23° N, lat. ; 
_ nme et Ascher. Enum. p. 282. Abyssinian names ‘‘ Schankoeh,” “ Schenent, 
“cc n a.” 
Rubia tinctorum, Linn., is cultivated in Abyssinian gardens for economic purposes 
78. GALIUM, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 149. 
Calyx-tube subglobose; limb obsolete. Corolla rotate ; lobes 4, 
valvate in the bud. Stamens 4, inserted on the tube of the corolla ; 
filaments short; anthers short, exserted. Disk annular. Ovary % 
celled; styles 2, short; stigmas subcapitate ; ovules solitary, attach 
to the septum, amphitropous. Fruit didymous, coriaceous, 8m0e 
rugose or tuberculate, glabrous or hispid, Seeds suberect ; embry? 
curved; radicle elongated, terete, inferior. — Annual or pereDt! 
herbs, with angular branches, verticillate quasi-exstipulate sessile 
leaves and small hermaphrodite or polygamous flowers arranged 
ebracteate terminal or axillary cymes. 
A large genus of many critical species widely scattered over the world. 
Leaves 3-nerved, 4 in a whorl. 
Flowers yellow. Leaves ovate-elliptical, acuminate- 
apiculate . we ee wef ghd, | 1. G. Biafre. 
Flowers white. Leaves oval, cuspidate-mucronate . . 2. G. rotundifolium- 
Leaves 1-nerved, 6-9 in a whorl. 
Flowers white or greenish, in terminal panicles and 
in axillary cymes. 
