Valerianella. | LXXII. VALERIANEZ (HIERN). 249 
&c., which paper may be consulted for further synonyms and infor- 
mation. 
Nile Land. Abyssinia, in fields 8,500-9,300 ft. alt. Schimper! Q. Dillon, Ant. 
Petit, Riippell. 
Widely dispersed in cultivated ground over Western and Southern Europe, and 
the East. Probably the same as the Cape species. 
Cf. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. pp, 104-6 (1875). 
Orper LXXII. DIPSACE. (By W. P. Hiern.) 
Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular or subregular, capitate. Calyx- 
tube tubular, adnate to the ovary at least at the base or narrowed at 
the apex into a neck adnate to the base of the style; limb superior, 
cup-shaped subentire or dentate, sometimes terminating in setaceous 
lobes. Corolla inserted at the top of the calyx-tube, gamopetalous, 
tubular, more or less funnel-shaped, 4~5-lobed ; lobes usually unequal, 
imbricated in zestivation ; the outer corollas often radiate. Stamens 
4, inserted on the corolla, alternating with its lobes; filaments (in 
Tropical African species) free, incurved in the bud, sometimes didy- 
namous, 2 sometimes without anthers; anthers introrse, 2-celled, 
deciduous ; cells dehiscing longitudinally ; pollen smooth, 4-sided. 
Ovary l-celled, included within the tube of the calyx ; ovule solitary, . 
pendulous, anatropous ; style terminal, filiform, simple bidentate or 
dilated. Fruit l-seeded, dry, indehiscent, within the tube of the calyx, 
surrounded by the involucel ; seed inverted ; testa thinly membranous ; 
albumen scanty, fleshy; embryo straight, in the axis of the albu- 
men, cotyledons subfoliaceous, radicle short, superior. — Annual 
lennial or perennial herbs or sometimes shrubby ; stem and branches 
nodose-articulated ; leaves opposite or very rarely verticillate, simple, 
entire dentate or pinnate-lobed, sessile and amplexicaul, often con- 
nate at the base or petiolate, exstipulate ; heads involucrate or naked ; 
each flower enclosed in a calyx-like persistent involucel. 
An Order of rather small size found chiefly in the Mediterranean region and at the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
Calyx-limb subcyathiform or discoid. 
Tnvolucral scales longer than the pale of the receptacle. 
Aculeate or setose biennials. . . . . . . . « J. Dresaces. 
Involucral scales shorter than the palew of the receptacle. 
Glabrous or hispid perennials . . . . . . . . 2. CEPHALARIA. 
Calyx-limb setose or pappose-plumose. . . . . . . . 3, ScABrOSA. 
1. DIPSACUS, Tourn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. p. 158. 
Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, narrowed at the apex ; limb cup- 
shaped, Corolla 4-lobed, funnel-shaped ; lobes short, unequal, Sta- 
mens 4; filaments free. Ovary inferior. Stigma dilated, obliquely 
decurved.—Erect stout biennial herbs, setose or spinulose, with angular 
‘nches. Leaves opposite, frequently connate at the base, dentate or 
aciniate. Flowers capitate, inserted on a common receptacle, palea- 
ceous ; heads involucrate, terminal, subglobose or pyramidal. Scales 
