Scabiosa. ] LXXIII, COMPOSITEZ (OLIVER AND HIERN). 253 
hairs especially on the margins and midrib beneath, entire, 2-24 in. 
long by y'5—-% in. wide. Heads subhemispherical, 1-14 in. in diameter, 
on naked terminal peduncles 2-6 in. long covered with short white 
curved hairs ; scales of the involucre 10-15, subbiseriate, the inner ones 
alternate and shorter, lanceolate-linear, acute, albido-tomentose on 
both sides, equalling or somewhat falling short of the flowers. Invo- 
lucel oblong, tubular, densely pubescent, equalling the ovary, costate, 
denticulate at the apex. Set of the pappus plumose, equalling the 
corolla-tube; corolla pubescent outside and at the top of the tube 
inside. Ovary densely pubescent, costate.—Pterocephalus frutescens, 
Hochst. in Hb. Schimp. Abyss. i. n. 235; A. Rich. FI. Abyss. i. 369; 
P. Quartinianus, A. Rich. Le. 
Wile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper! Quartin Dillon and Petit! Salt! Pearce! 
OrpeR LXXIII. COMPOSITA. (By Prof. Oliver and 
W. P. Hiern.) 
Flowers (florets) collected few or many (rarely reduced to one) 
on acommon receptacle, surrounded by an involucre of one or more 
rows of bracts, forming a capitulam. Receptacle naked or paleace- 
ous or setose, smooth or more or less deeply alveolate. Florets all 
alike, either ligulate or tubular, or the outer florets (ray) ligulate and 
the inner (disk) tubular, or (very rarely in Tropical African genera) 
bilabiate ; ray-florets usually 1-sexual or neuter. Calyx assumed to 
be adherent throughout to the ovary, limb 0, or represented by a ring 
of hairs or bristles or scales (pappus). Corolla epigynous, tubular, 
short or long, cylindrical or campanulate, 4—5-toothed with valvate 
teeth or occasionally very slender with an entire truncate or oblique 
mouth, or lignlate, the lamina spreading from the centre of the capitu- 
lum. Stamens 5 or 4, inserted in the tube of the corolla; filaments 
free ; anthers linear, coherent in a sheath around the style, (rarely con- 
tiguous and free) cells often produced at the base into tail-like appen- 
dages or sagittate. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, style filiform, usually bifid 
above, the branches acute, obtuse, truncate or penicillate, flat or terete, 
Sometimes clavate, variously papillose and stigmatic. Ovule solitary 
frect anatropous. Fruit usually small dry 1-seeded, but rarely 
winged, naked above or crowned by the persistent sessile or stipitate 
Pappus. Seed exalbuminous.—Herb, shrubs or rarely trees. Leaves 
alternate or opposite, exstipulate. Capitula terminal, rarely axillary, 
Solitary or variously corymbose or panicled; rarely the heads, few- 
flowered, are collected in compound capitula. ; 
The largest Natural Order of Phenogamia, represented in every 
phy to-geographic region, though most numerous, proportionally in the 
ew World, and in the Cape Flora where they exceed 1,300. Of the 
following 117 genera about 17 are peculiar to this Flora; these are all 
Small or monotypic. 
Trips I. Vernoniacess. Capitula homogamous, florets all 
tubular, hermaphrodite. Involucral scales indefinite, usually multi- 
