260 LXXIII. COMPOSITA (OLIVER AND HIERN). 
auricles obtuse or acute or mucronate, not tailed. Style of the disk- 
florets obtuse, short. Achenes usually thick; pappus paleaceous or 
coroniform or wanting.—Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby, with alter- 
nate or radical leaves, yellow or purple disk-florets, and yellow purple 
or white rays. 
Capitula separate, not collected into heads, radiate. 
Involucral bracts free, the inner ones at least broadly 
scarious. 
Ray-florets neuter. Receptacle paleaceous. . . . 89. URSINIA. 
Ray-florets female. Receptacle alveolate, naked or 
fimbrillate. 
Achenes not winged. 
Achenes glabrous. Pappus minute or short. . 90. LANDTIA. 
Achenes with a basal tuft of silky hairs. Pap- 
pus paleaceous, conspicuous. . . . . - 
Achenes with lateral curved wings enclosing 
dorsal cavities. . . 1. 2 6 we ee 
Involucral bracts connate at the base or higher, acute 
or spinous. 
Receptacle shortly alveolate. Involucral bracts 
connate two-thirds way up. Leaves not 
bristle-pointed. . . . . . . . . . « 93, GAZANTA. 
Receptacle deeply alveolate. Involucral bracts 
connate only at the base. Leaves bristle- 
pointed . . . .. . 94, BERKHEYA. 
Capitula collected in a dense head, discoid . . . . . 95, PLATYCARPHA. 
91. HapLocaRPHa. 
92. ARCTOTIS. 
Triste XI. Cynaroidew. Capitula homogamous or rarely hetero- 
gamous with larger neuter ray-florets in one row. Tnvolucral bracts in 
many rows, imbricated, usually terminating in a spine or gcarious 4p- 
pendix. Receptacle setose. Corollas all 5-cleft or -partite. Anther- 
base sagittate; auricles connate, mucronate or with fimbriate tails. 
Styles (of the hermaphrodite florets) with short, narrow, rather obtuse 
branches, usually with a ring of hairs below the fork. Achenes 
usually hard setose or narrowly paleaceous in several rows OF 0.— 
Herbs often spinous with alternate or radical leaves and red yellow oF 
white flowers, occasionally dicecious. 
Capitula 1-flowered, collected into heads . . . . . . 96. EcHINOPS. 
Capitula many-flowered, separate. 
Achenes with a nearly central horizontal callus at the 
base. Sete of the pappus connate into a ring at 
the base. 
Setze of the pappus barbellate . . . . . .-. . 97. Carpuvs. 
Sete of the pappus plumose . . . . . « 98, CNicus. 
Achenes with an oblique or lateral callus at the base. 
Setz or palew of the pappus not connate at the 
base or 0. 
Involucre naked at the base. . . . . 2.) . .) . 99. CENTAUREA. — 
Involucre girt at the base with floral leaves . . . 100. CARTHAMUS. 
Trize XII. Mutisiacese. Capitula homogamous with all a 
florets tubular and hermaphrodite, or with the outer florets pilabiate, 
heterogamous radiate with the ray-florets female or neuter, 80M 
bilabiate, Involucral bracts in many or few rows, imbricated. 
